Table 1. Descriptive phonetic labels for voice quality settings
a) Oral vocal tract settings
Neutral setting | ||
LIPS: | JAW: | |
Close rounded voice | Close jaw voice | |
Open rounded voice | Open jaw voice | |
Spread lip voice | Labiodentalized voice | |
Protruded jaw voice | ||
TONGUE TIP: | TONGUE BODY: | |
Dentalized voice | ||
Tongue tip articulation | Alveolarized voice | |
Tongue blade articulation | Palato-alveolarized voice | |
Retroflex articulation | ||
VELIC OPENING: | ||
Palatalized voice | ||
Velarized voice | Nasal voice | |
Uvularized voice | Denasal voice |
b) Laryngeal constrictor settings plus larynx height
LARYNGEAL | Constricted: | Non-Constricted: |
CONSTRICTOR: | ||
Pharyngealized voice | Lowered larynx voice | |
(raised larynx, low pitch) | (low pitch) | |
Raised larynx voice | Faucalized voice | |
(high pitch) | (lowered larynx, high pitch) |
c) Phonation types (glottal settings plus laryngeal constrictor)
Reference: Esling, J.H. (2006). Voice quality. In K. Brown (Ed),
The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2nd Edition (Vol 13 pp. 470-474). Oxford: Elsevier.