CONSONANTS (PULMONIC)

 
Bilabial
Labiodental
Dental
Alveolar
Postalveolar
Retroflex
Palatal
Velar
Uvular
Pharyngeal
Glottal
   
 
       
 
     
   
 
       
 
 
   
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
                     
 Lateral  fricative
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
     
     
 
 
 
 Lateral  approximant
 
 
     
     
 
 
 
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.
CONSONANTS (NON-PULMONIC)
Clicks
Voiced implosives
Ejectives
  Bilabial
  Dental
  (Post)alveolar
  Palatoalveolar
  Alveolar lateral
  Bilabial
  Dental/alveolar
  Palatal
  Velar
  Uvular
  Examples:
  Bilabial
  Dental/alveolar
  Velar
  Alveolar fricative
  OTHER SYMBOLS    
   Voiceless labial-velar fricative
 
 Alveolo-palatal fricatives  
   Voiced labial-velar approximant
 
 Alveolar lateral flap  
 
 Voiced labial-palatal approximant
 
Simultaneous and  
 
 Voiceless epiglottal fricative Affricates and double articulations can be represented by two symbols joined by a tie bar if necessary.  
 
 Voiced epiglottal fricative  
 
 Epiglottal plosive  
Close
Close-mid
Open-mid
Open
VOWELS
Front Central
Back
DIACRITICS      Diacritics may be placed above a symbol with a descender, e.g.
  Voiceless       Breathy voiced       Dental    
  Voiced       Creaky voiced       Apical    
  Aspirated       Linguolabial       Laminal    
  More rounded  
 
  Labialized       Nasalized    
  Less rounded  
 
  Palatalized       Nasal release    
  Advanced  
 
  Velarized       Lateral release    
  Retracted  
 
  Pharyngealized       No audible release    
  Centralized  
 
  Velarized or Pharyngealized    
  Mid-centralized  
 
  Raised     (=voiced alveolar fricative)
  Syllabic  
 
  Lowered     (= voiced bilabial approximant)
  Non-syllabic  
 
  Advanced Tongue Root    
  Rhoticity       Retracted Tongue Root    

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.

  Primary stress
  Secondary stress
        
 
  Long  
  Half-long  
  Extra-short  
  Minor (foot) group
  Major (intonation) group
  Syllable break     
  Linking (absence of a break)
LEVEL
CONTOUR
 
or
  Extra high
or
 
Rising
      High     
 
Falling
      Mid  
 
High rising
      Low  
 
Low rising
      Extra low  
 
Rising-falling
    Downstep   Global rise
    Upstep   Global fall