A List of Trading Vessels In the Maritime Fur Trade, 1795-1804

By JUDGE F. W. HOWAY, F.R.S.C.

INTRODUCTION

At the meeting of this Society in May, 1930, I had the pleasure of presenting a paper containing a list of the vessels in the Maritime Fur Trade on the northwest coast of America between 1785 and 1794.


Since its publication an effort has been made to identify the Captain Tawnington mentioned in Jewitt's Narrative (Brown edition, 1896), p. 156. According to Jewitt Maquinna informed him that an English schooner under this man wintered in Friendly Cove. Maquinna stated that Tawnington, taking advantage of his absence, stole forty of his finest sea-otter skins. This occurred, he said, at about the time that Martinez killed four of the chiefs. That was in 1789, though, so far as is known, Martinez killed only one chief. Maquinna, Jewitt says, stated that soon afterwards Captain Hanna of the Sea Otter fired on them. That incident, however, occurred in 1785. No vessel wintered at Nootka Sound prior to the Columbia and Washington in 1788-89; and it is believed that the only schooner that wintered in Friendly Cove in the early days was the British schooner Prince William Henry in 1792-93, under Captain Ewen. The reference may be to him, though it must be admitted that it is a long cry from "Ewen" to "Tawnington". William Sturgis in one of his lectures, now in the Library of the Massachusetts Historical Society, mentions Tawnington, but it is plain that he is merely paraphrasing Jewitt's remarks. If then there be any truth in the story it seems probable that Captain Ewen of the British schooner, Prince William Henry, is the person whom Jewitt, following Maquinna, calls Tawnington.


An effort has likewise been made to interpret the statement in a despatch from Madrid, of February 27, 1792, that "a frigate commanded by an Englishman named Clait lay at anchor at Clayoquot for ten days, being engaged in trading for furs between 28th May and 25th August, 1791." See B.C. Archives Report, 1913. After considerable examination of the vessels in that year the conclusion has been reached that this was probably the British snow Mercury which in 1791 was masquerading under Swedish colours and bearing the name Gustavus III. She lay at Clayoquot for about ten days in March, 1791, and was on the coast trading from March 5 to July 27, 1791; but her master was not Clait, but Thomas Barnett; however, her chief mate was McColaning--a man which in the Indian tongue may have been transmuted into Clait.


This paper covers the next ten years, 1795 to 1804.


The gradual disappearance of British vessels from the maritime trade becomes painfully evident in this decennial period. The list for the first ten years showed about thirty-five British vessels to about fifteen American; in this enumeration no notice is taken of the number of years occupied by a voyage, nor of the number of voyages made by any vessel. But in the present list the American vessels have increased to about sixty-eight, some of which remained for two years on the coast and in the ten years made as many as three voyages. The British ships on the other hand have dwindled to nine; and after 1801 the Union Tack disappears from the trade entirely. It will be observed that the majority of the American vessels come from the city of Boston. Other cities, it is true, sent ships to trade on the coast, but Boston had the lead from the beginning and maintained it.


The American trade upon the coast was not an end in itself, but merely a means to an end. The object was to obtain sea-otter skins two be used in China as a medium of exchange for Oriental goods. This accounts for the constant references to the arrival of the American vessels in China. Thus the Americans developed a trade along lines similar to those suggested by Sir Alexander MacKenzie.


At the outset, that is during the period from 1785 to 1794, it was customary for a vessel at the end of the trading season which was about the month of September, to leave the coast for the Hawaiian Islands. The winter was spent amongst those delightful islands, and about the month of April the ship returned to the coast to resume her trading. But between 1795 and 1804 this custom gradually ceased until by the end of that decennial period it had been supplanted by one of wintering on the coast. It may even be that by 1804 some vessels had begun the practice of trading throughout the whole year. The ships however, still continued to visit the Hawaiian Islands; but only for the purpose of obtaining men or supplies of food or other necessaries.


It will be noticed in examining the references indicating where the information concerning the voyages may be found that complete printed accounts are very rare. They number but seven; and of these only two are contemporary: Johnson's A Short Account of a North West Voyage and John Jewitt's Journal. The former is excessively brief, containing only ten or twelve pages. The latter is an account of Jewitt's captivity rather than a narrative of a fur-trading voyage. The remainder appeared years after the voyage had ended, though one: Shaler's Voyage of the Lelia Byrd in 1804 was published within four years. There are in this period complete logs of three voyages and fragmentary logs of a fourth. The great source as the references show is the files of the Boston newspapers. Almost all of these papers contain the entries and clearances of ships in the foreign trade; but those in the Columbian Centinel have been found of especial value. Frequently the items are identical in the different newspapers; in such cases only one citation has usually been given.


The names of a considerable number of the vessels mentioned in this list will be found in Bancroft's History of the North West Coast; but neither he nor his writers were able to give, speaking generally, anything more than the mere name. It does not appear that they ever examined the files of the Boston newspapers. And, since that work appeared in 1884, the following manuscript sources relating to voyages between 1795 and 1804 have come to light: The MS. Log of the Ruby 1794-6 by Charles Bishop; the MS. Log of the Union, 1794-6 by John Boit; the MS Log of the Hancock, 1798-1800; the Log of the Eliza, 1798-99, by William Sturgis; the MS. Journal of the Eliza, by William Sturgis; another log of the Eliza 1798-99 (the three last named are all incomplete); H. A. Lamb's MS. Notes on the North, West Trade; and the Thomas H. Perkin's papers.


It is proposed to carry this list down to 1824 and to complete it in two subsequent instalments, each covering a period of ten years.

F. W. HOWAY.


A CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF TRADING VESSELS ON THE NORTHWEST

COAST OF AMERICA FROM 1795 TO 1804

1795

DESPATCH.-An American ship of 106 tons from Boston, owned by Dorr and Sons and commanded by Elias Newbury. She left Boston in October, 1794; arrived on the coast in May, 1795; traded during that season; was at the Hawaiian Islands early in October, 1795; reached China on her return voyage on February 4, 1796, and Boston in June, 1796. Captain Newbury was accidentally killed on July 10, 1795, at Kaigahnee, Alaska, by the discharge of a pistol in the hands of a Chief, Ettarge. Sturgis has an appreciation of Newbury; Péron gives the inscription oil his tombstone. This is the vessel that rescued the one survivor of the Resolution; see Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada 1930, Third series, Vol. XXIV, Section II, p. 134.


References: Bishop's MS. Log of the Ruby, p. 121; Péron's Mémoires (Paris, 1824), Vol. 2, p. 61; "Americans at Sea" in Niles Register (1820), Vol. 18, pp. 417 f, reproduced from Boston Daily Advertiser, August 1, 1820; Naorative of Voyages and Commercial Enterprises, by R. J. Cleveland, Cambridge, 1842, Vol. 1, p. 94; William Sturgis's MS. Journal of the Eliza, March 25, 1799; Boit's Log of the Union, MS., October 15, 1795.


JANE.-A small British vessel of about 100 tons, of Bristol. Sailed thence August 20, 1794. Was at Nootka Sound, August 12; at Cape Scott August 26; arrived at Cook's Inlet and sailed thence homeward by way of the Hawaiian Islands and China; reached the Hawaiian Islands October 13, 1795; Macao, January 25, 1796; and the mouth of the Shannon August 9, 1796. She may be identical with the Jenny of 1794; though the dates do not coincide; or the voyage may be apocryphal.


References: The voyage rests entirely upon a rare book: The Life, Voyages and Travels of Captain John Myers London, 1817, p. 410--a work which is absolutely unreliable. No other record mentions such a vessel.


MERCURY.-An American snow from Providence, Rhode Island, Captain Barnett. On her outward voyage she lost her rudder off Cape Horn; returned to the Falkland Islands in distress; after making repairs she sailed for Australia. Her crew having deserted her at the Hawaiian Islands she kidnapped some islanders in their stead and reached the Northwest Coast in May, 1795. She traded during that season and sailed homeward by way of the Hawaiian Islands and China, September 25, 1795, returning the kidnapped islanders to their homes at Kauai.


References: Charles Bishop's Log of the Ruby MS. September and October, 1795, pp. 120, 122, 127 and 182; Broughton's Voyage (Paris, 1807), Vol. 1, p. 68.


PHOENIX.-Our mystery ship, again on the coast and still in command of Hugh Moore. For earlier voyages, see entries for 1792 and 1794 in Transactions of Royal Society of Canada, 1930, Vol. XXIV 3rd series, Section II, pp. 127, 133. The season 1794 had been unsuccessful and the Phoenix had wintered in the Columbia River. She resumed her trading early in March, 1795; spent the summer in the vicinity of Queen Charlotte Islands; and left the coast early in September for China by way of the Hawaiian Islands, with a large cargo of furs.


References: Bishop's MS. Log of the Ruby, May 23, 1795: "We however learned from them (the Indians at the mouth of the Columbia River) that a Captain Moore or Mooen had been here and from a variety of circumstances we believe that he had wintered at Deception Bay (Columbia River)"; also the same Log, p. 75 and September 11, 1795.

At Nootka, Boit was informed "that Capt. Moore in a brig from Bengal had left there but five days." At Hawaii he learned that an English snow from Bengall, Capt. Moore, passed the last of September." Boit's Log of the Union, August 17, 1795, October 15, 1795.


PRINCE WILLIAM HENRY.-A British schooner, one of the so-called Alder squadron, now commanded by William Wake. She had been on the coast in 1792, 1793 and 1794; see entries for those years in Transactions of Royal Society of Canada, 1930, Vol. XXIV, 3rd series, Section II, pp. 127, 130. She Wintered 1794-5 at the Hawaiian Islands and sailed thence about January 1, 1795, for California. Kow, the chief at Cloak Bay, complained to William Sturgis that he had piloted Wake into Tadiskey in Kaigahnee and that Wake had held him for ransom.


References: Oregon Historical Quarterly, Vol. 23, p. 302; Wm. Sturgis's MS. journal of the Eliza, March 25, 1799; Bishop's MS. Log of the Ruby.


RUBY.-A British ship of 101 tons from Bristol, England, carrying eight 3-pound carriage guns, and six half pound swivels, and a crew of seventeen men, including a surgeon; owned by Sidenham Teast and commanded by Charles Bishop. Left Bristol, on October 16, 1794, and arrived in the Columbia River, May 22, 1795. Spent the season in the vicinity of Queen Charlotte Islands and had successful trade. Wintered in the Columbia River. Sailing thence on January 23, 1796, for the Hawaiian Islands she struck the bar and was damaged so badly that her voyage was abandoned and she was sold in China in the autumn of 1796.


References: Bishop's MS. Log of the Ruby contains a full account of her voyage; "Early followers of Captain Gray", in Washington Historical Quarterly, Vol. 18, pp. 10 ff; "Journal of the ship Ruby" in Oregon Historical Quarterly, Vol. 28, pp. 258 ff.


UNION.-An American sloop of Newport, Rhode Island, 98 tons burthen and 50 or 60 feet long, owned by Crowell Hatch and Caleb Gardiner. Commanded by John Boit then 19 years of age and formerly one of the mates of the ship Columbia on her second voyage 1790-93. Sailed from Newport, August 1, 1794, and arrived at Columbia's Cove, Vancouver Island, May 16, 1795, a passage of 260 days. Traded successfully during the season and on September 12, 1795, departed for Boston by way of the Hawaiian Islands and China. Reached Boston with a cargo of Oriental goods on July 8, 1796. "Arrived, sloop Union, Boit, Canton," was the only notice taken by the Boston newspapers of this remarkable exploit of a boy of nineteen years.


References: Boit's MS. Log of the Union in the Library of the Massachusetts Historical Society contains a complete account; Morison's Maritime History of Massachusetts (Boston, 1921), pp. 74 ff Bishop's MS. Log of the Ruby, October, 1795.


NOTE: An unnamed and unidentified snow which may have been a trader or a Russian or Spanish vessel was seen by the Mercury in Hecate Strait during this summer. See Bishop's MS. Log of the Ruby; p. 126, October, 1795.


Two ships are mentioned as having been at Kaigahnee before the arrival of the Ruby there in July, 1795. They are probably vessels included in this list but this reference is made for future identification. See Bishop's MS. Log of the Ruby, p. 62.

John Boit in his MS. Log of the Union, under the date of October 16, 1795, reports that Coyah, the chief at Houston-Stewart channel, Queen Charlotte Islands, had in his possession "Ye rigging of a, large ship whose shroud hawser was above 9 inches." He inclines to the belief that one of La Perouse's ships may have been captured there or some French privateer that because of scurvy had there sought shelter. Captain Bishop in his Log of the Ruby also mentions this rigging; but he thinks it to be from some English ship.

1796

RTHUR.-A British brig or snow from Bengal, in command of Henry Barber, with a crew of 22 men. This was her second voyage to the coast; for the earlier, see entry for 1794 in Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada 1930, Vol. XXIV, 3rd series, Section II, p. 131. Péron mentions her in his Mémoires, Vol. 2, p. 96, as "brick Arthur" under Captain "Barba", and states that Maquinna, the chief of Nootka, had with him in September, 1796, an English seaman from this brig. After visiting the South Seas she had sailed to the Northwest Coast where she traded during the season of 1796. En route to China she called at the Hawaiian Islands and on leaving Honolulu was wrecked on Barber's Point, Oahu, but the greater part of her cargo

of furs was saved.


References: As above; Bishop's MS. Log of the Ruby; a letter to Sidenham Teast, May 25, 1796; The Friend Honolulu, June, 1862; Hawaii's Young People, February, 1900, p. 105; Honolulu Advertiser, December 23, 1928,, Péron's Mémoires (Paris, 1824), Vol. 2, p. 143.


FAIRY.-A British snow of Calcutta which had been on the coast in 1791 and 1794; see Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada 1930, Vol. XXIV, 3rd series, Section 11, pp. 121, 132. She was then owned by William Douglas. In 1795 she was sold to Magee, Lamb, and Russell Sturgis. In a letter dated July 12, 1795, Russell Sturgis writes: "We are now fitting her for the coast. Stephen Hill goes as master." History and Genealogy of the Cabot Family (Boston, 1927), Vol. 2, p. 507. The new owners renamed her the Sea Otter. The details of her voyage will be found under Sea Otter, infra.


OTTER.-An American ship of Boston owned by Dorr and Sons. Master, Ebenezer Dorr, formerly second mate of the Hope and later on the Fairy. She cleared from Boston on August 20, 1795, and sailing by way of Australia, left Sydney on February 18, 1796. There Péron joined her as first officer. Thomas Muir, the Scottish reformer, then a convict in Australia, also sailed thence on her. She spent the season of 1796 trading on the Northwest Coast and sailing homeward by way of China, was at the Hawaiian Islands on January 1, 1797, and at Macao, February 13, 1797.


References: A full account of her voyage is in Péron's Mémotres, (Paris, 1824) beginning at Vol. 1, p. 259; "Odyssey of Thomas Muir" in American Historical Review (1923) Vol. 29, p. 56; Oregon Historical Quarterly, Vol. 30, p. 16.


PRINCE WILLIAM HENRY.-See entries for 1792, 1793, 1794, 1795; and see the Sally. The incident in the entry for 1795 may have occurred in 1796. In September, 1796, she sailed for China and disappears from the Northwest trade. The annual appearance of this vessel in the records is unusual and requires further examination.


References: Entries as above; and in Transactions of Royal Society of Canada, 1930, 3rd series, Vol. XXIV, Section 11, pp. 127, 130; Broughton's Voyage (Paris, 1807), Vol. 1, p. 45.


RUBY.-See entry for 1795. In January, 1796, this vessel sailed from the Columbia River for the Hawaiian Islands to obtain men and refreshment for that season, but was so much damaged by striking on the bar that the venture was abandoned. References in entry for 1795.


SALLY.-An American brig from Boston, commanded by Joseph Pierpont. No details of her voyage have been found, save that after leaving the Hawaiian Islands in September, 1796, bound for China in company with the schooner Prince William Henry she ran ashore on the shoals of Johnston Island in latitude 16° 44' north, longitude, 169° 17' west. She gave the position as 16° 45' north and 169° 38' west. She arrived in Canton, November 13, 1796, and, sailing thence, reached Boston in June, 1797, 130 days from Canton.


References: Columbian Centinal, June 24, 1797, September 13, 1797; E. B. Hewes, MS. List of American Trading Vessels.


SEA OTTER.-A brig, owned by R. Sturgis, J. & T. Lamb, James Magee, and the captain, Stephen Hill. Her nationality was British; she was in reality the brig Fairy, renamed by her new owners, Sea Otter. See the Fairy, supra. Lamb's MS. Notes on Northwest Trade, p. 29 speak of her as "a foreign bottom". She sailed from Boston about October, 1795, with a complement of 21 officers and men, including one Hawaiian. In view of Captain Hill's instructions, after trading closed in 1796 she probably wintered on the coast. Her captain, purser, and steward were killed by the Indians of Cumshewa, Queen Charlotte Islands, but the date has not been ascertained. She also traded during 1797.


References: Columbian Centinal, January 20, 1796, July 4, 1798; Péron's Mémoires (Paris, 1824), Vol. 2, p. 96; Lamb's MS. Notes on Northwest Trade, pp. 23, 25, 27 and 29; Sturgis's MS. Journal of the Eliza, May 3, 1799.


LADY WASHINGTON.-This vessel had been in the Northwest trade from 1788, first as a sloop and later as a brig, or perhaps a brigantine. See entries for 1788, 1789, 1791, 1793, and 1794 in Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 1930, 3rd series, Vol. XXIV, Section 11, pp. 117, 118, 119, 122, 131, 134. Her owners now appear to have been John Howel and his associates, who claimed to have bought her for $1,300; see Oregon Historical Quarterly, Vol. XXIV, p. 146. Her present commander was Roger or Robert Simpson. She left Canton in July, 1795, for the Northwest Coast but was damaged in a typhoon an it proceeded to the Hawaiian Islands where she was repaired and wintered. She departed thence about March 1, 1796, and was at Nootka Sound in April and May.


References: Broughton's Voyage (Paris, 1807), Vol. 1, pp. 45, 75 and 78. Bishop's MS. Log of the Ruby, pp. 116, 129, 130, May 25, 1796 (letter).

1797

AMELIA.-An American brig from Providence, Rhode Island, commanded by Captain Trotter. This vessel had been in the trade in 1793. See Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 1930, Vol. XXIV, 3rd series, Section II, p. 128. In September, 1795, Thomas Lamb wrote to Captain Hill of the Sea Otter "to hasten as his collection of skins will be great if he arrives before Captain Trotter who sails from Providence and intends stopping at Botany Bay." The India Packet met her in March, 1797. Her date of return has not been found, but on April 11, 1798, Lamb wrote that Trotter, Bowles (Sea Otter) and Rogers (India Packet) were daily expected.


References: Lamb's MS. Notes on Northwest Trade, pp. 29, 35; A Short Account of a North West Voyage, by E. Johnson (Boston, 1798), P. 10.


DESPATCH.-See entry for 1795. Returning from her first voyage in June, 1796, this small ship (106 tons) of Boston, owned by Dorr and Sons was immediately prepared for a second visit to the Northwest Coast. She sailed from Boston in August, 1796, in command of Jonathan Bowers, and traded on the coast during the season of 1797. William Sturgis says that she searched out tribes in the vicinity of Meares Bay, Alaska, whom the traders had never before met. In the autumn she sailed homeward by way of China, arriving in Lark's Bay, near Macao, November 30, 1797, and reaching Boston, May 28, 1798, 135 days from Canton.


References: Johnson's Short Account of a North West Voyage, p. 10; Niles Register, Vol. 18, p. 417; Boston Daily Advertiser, August 1, 1820; Columbian Centinel April 14, 1798, May 30, 1799; William Sturgis's MS. journal of the Eliza, May 5, 1799.

DRAGON.-A British sloop of 50 tons commanded by Captain Lay. No details of her voyage have been ascertained beyond the fact that in March, 1797, she was found at anchor in Norfolk (Sitka) Sound, Alaska.


References: Johnson's Short Account of a North West Voyage, p. 10.


HAZARD.-An American brig of Boston owned by J. & T. Lamb, James Magee, Russell Sturgis, and Eleazer Johnson, and commanded by Benjamin Swift. She sailed from Boston in 1796, but the exact date has not been found, with a cargo of trading goods valued at $13,438.80 according to Lamb's MS. Notes, p. 81, or $15,400 as given in MS. Solid Men of Boston, p. 76. She traded on the coast in 1797 and 1798, and was met in March, 1797, by the India Packet. Where she wintered is not known but presumably on the coast. See also entry for 1798.


References: As above and Johnson's Short Account of a North West Voyage, p. 10.


INDIA PACKET.-An American ship of Boston, owned by Dorr and Sons, and commanded by Captain Rogers. She sailed from Boston, August 29, 1797. Being the first vessel to arrive on the Northwest Coast in the season of 1798 she found sea-otter skins both plentiful and cheap. In three months she collected more than 2,200 in the vicinity of Queen Charlotte Islands and southern Alaska. She departed for China, May 31, 1797, but owing to calms and delays caused by scurvy the passage occupied three months. She sailed in November for Boston with the usual cargo of Oriental goods. At the Cape of Good Hope she remained ten days, owing to the prevalence of scurvy amongst her crew. She reached Boston April 10, 1798, 137 days from Canton.


References: A brief narrative of her voyage in A Short Account of a North West Voyage by E. Johnson, Boston, 1798.


SEA OTTER.-A continuation of the voyage of 1796. See entry for that year. After the death of her captain, Stephen Hill, the mate, William Bowles, took command. At the end of the season the brig sailed for China, arriving at Macao November 30, 1797, with a cargo of 2,520 sea otter skins and 2,755 tails which sold for $47,202.50. Her outward cargo had been $4,000. The return cargo consisted of 47,558 pounds of tea, 814 bags of sugar, 7,000 pieces of nankeens, 100 dining sets, 300 tea sets, 144 yards of silk and lO9 half pounds of sewing silk, the import duty on which was $3,680.65. She reached Boston on July 21, 1798, "The Sea Otter, Bowles, has returned from a circumnavigating voyage to the N.W. Coast, and is the vessel commanded by the unfortunate Captain Hills, and had the equally unfortunate Mr. Elliott and Mr. Daggett on board," Columbian Centinel, July 4, 1798.


References: As above; Lamb's MS. Notes on the North West Trade, p. 71.

1798

ALERT.-An American ship of Boston, owned by J. and T. Lamb, R. Sturgis and associates, commanded by William Bowles. She cleared from Boston in 1797 with a cargo of trading goods for the Northwest Coast, valued at $13,090. Nothing further has been found, regarding this voyage. She was doubtless on the coast in 1798.

References: Bancroft's History of the North West Coast (1884), Vol. 1, p. 306; Solid Men of Boston, MS. p. 76.

ALEXANDER.-An American ship of Boston, owned by Bass and others; master, Asa Dodge. She cleared from Boston in September, 1797, for the Northwest Coast and spent the season of 1798 there. At Queen Charlotte Islands "Capt. Dodge in the Alexander had a skirmish with Cumshwah's (Cumshewa's) tribe and had 3 of his men wounded. He had, however, killed ten of them and got two or three scalps of white people in ransom for the lives of several more he had made prisoners": William Sturgis MS. Journal of the Eliza, March 19, 1799. In the autumn of 1798 the Alexander sailed for Boston by way of China, and was at Canton in December, 1798, and at Boston July 9, 1799, 146 days passage. She was the one vessel in the fleet of 1798 whose invoice outward was less than $13,000, being only $7,507.00.

References: As above; Columbian Centinel, September 16, 1797, June 22, 1799, July 10, 1799; Solid Men of Boston MS., p. 76.

DOVE.-A British ship from Macao, commanded by R. Duffin, who may be the person formerly on Meares's North West America. Her presence on the coast in 1798 is an inference from the fact that she wintered 1798-99 at the Hawaiian Islands.

References: See entry for 1799.

DRAGON.-A British vessel of 50 tons, rigged as a sloop, or perhaps as "a little English cutter". She had been on the coast in 1797; see entry for that year. She came from Canton and returned there at the end of each season. In 1798 she was attacked by the natives of Chilkat, Alaska, in the middle of the day and when all her crew were on deck. When she reached China in November, 1798, she was purchased by Richard J. Cleveland and his associates and renamed Caroline. Her cargo of furs sold in Canton for 60,000 piastres.

References: In the Forecastle, by R. J. Cleveland, pp. 72, 108; A Narrative of Voyages and Commercial Enterprises by R. J. Cleveland, Cambridge, 1842, Vol. 1, p. 45; Voyages of a Merchant Navigator by H. W. S. Cleveland, New York, 1886, p. 37; Sturgis's MS. Journal of the Eliza, April 11, 1799; Voyage Round the World Krusenstern, translated by Hoppner, London, 1813, Vol. 1, pp. XXV et seq.

GALLANT.-No further trace of this ship has been found than the statement in Bancroft's History of California (1884) Vol. 1, p. 545, that at the end of 1798 she left four sailors in Baja California.

References: As given by Bancroft: Provincial Records, MS. 12 vols. in Archivo de Californias, V. 283, 285, VI, III; Provincial State Papers, MS. 22 vols. in Archivo de Californias, XVII, 197-202.

HAZARD.-See entry for 1797. On the coast in 1798; lost her chief officer and four men, who were drowned in attempting to sound the bar at the mouth of the Columbia River; was at Canton on her homeward voyage in November, 1798; sailed thence about January 8, 1799, and arrived in Boston, june 2l, 1799, 164 days from Canton. Though Lamb wrote in his MS. Notes on North West Trade, p. 35, "Swift has made the largest collection of skins ever made on the coast" the voyage does not seem to have been markedly successful, for the complete cost, not including the vessel was about $35,000 and the value of the return cargo in China $67,459.29.

References: Lamb's MS. Notes on North West Trade, pp. 35, 81; Columbian Centinel, April 24, 1799, June 5, 1799, June 22, 1799. Wm. Sturgis, MS. journal of the Eliza, April 2, 1799.

JENNY.-An American ship of Boston owned by Dorr and Sons, Captain Bowers. The Custom House Records, according to MS. Solid Men of Boston, p. 76, show that she cleared from Boston in 1797 for the Northwest Coast with a cargo invoiced at $17,650. Details of her voyage have not been ascertained.

References: As above; Bancroft's History of North West Coast, 1884, Vol. 1, pp. 306, 31 1.

1799

BUTTERWORTH.-A British ship of this name (and probably identical with the Butterworth of 1792 and 1793; see entries for three years in Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 1930, 3rd series, Section II, pp. 123, 128) sailed from London in 1798 in company with the Liberty. It would appear that these ships were bound for the Northwest Coast. They called at the Galapagos Islands and departed thence in 1799 for the coast of California. In latitude 17° N. they experienced a very heavy gale at midnight; the Liberty was never seen afterwards and the Butterworth lost her mainmast. Nothing further is at present known of her voyage.

Reference: Krusenstern's Voyage Round the World, translated by

Hoppner, London, 1813, Vol. 1, P. V.

CAROLINE.-An American cutter of 50 tons, formerly the British sloop or cutter, Dragon; see entries for 1797 and 1798. Now owned by A. Green, E. Townsend of New Haven, and her master, R. J. Cleveland. The whole investment for this season was $18,600. She sailed for the Northwest Coast from China on January 11, 1799. The Hancock met her, June 1, 1799, in Sitka Sound, Alaska, and calls her the Dragon; she had then 1700 skins on board and could outbid the Hancock.

References: In the Forecastle, by R. J. Cleveland, pp. 72 ff;A Narrative of Voyages and Commercial Enterprises, Vol. 1, pp. 46 ff,Voyages of a Merchant Navigator, pp. 37 ff; MS. Log of the Hancock. June 1 and 2, 1799; MS. Journal of the Eliza, by Wm. Sturgis,

April 4, 1799.

CHEERFUL.-A British ship which sailed from Macao in September, 1798, in command of Captain Beck. She traded on the Northwest Coast in 1799. During the season the Indians made an unsuccessful attempt to capture her, whilst she was aground. The details are given in In the Forecastle, by R. J. Cleveland, p. 100 and in A Narrative of Voyages and Commercial Enterprises by R. J. Cleveland (Cambridge, 1842), Vol. 1, pp. 83 f.

References As above.

DESPATCH. This small American ship, 106 tons, owned by Dorr and Sons, returned to Boston from her second voyage on May 28, 1798; see entries for 1795 and 1797. She cleared from Boston on her third voyage on August 10, 1798, under William Breck and arrived on the Northwest Coast April 15,1799. The Eliza met her April 26, 1799, and on May 17, 1799, the Hancock found her near Skidegate, Queen Charlotte Islands. She was at Sitka, June 2, 1799. Numerous references to her will be found in the MS. Log of the Hancock in June and July, 1799. At the end of the season she sailed for Boston by way of China. She was reported as still at Canton on December 29, 1799. She sailed thence, January 29, 1800, and reached Boston in July, 1800, after a passage of 170 days. "This is the third successive time this ship has circumnavigated the globe, which is more than any vessel ever known", Columbian Centinel, July 19, 1800.

References: In the Forecastle, pp. 104 f; A Narrative of Voyages and Commercial Enterprises, Vol. 1, p. 89; MS. Log of the Hancock, May 17, June 2, 1799; Columbian Centinel, August 11, 1798, November 2, 1799, May 7, June 12, 19, 1800; Sturgis's MS. Journal of Eliza, April 26, 1799.

DOVE.-See entry for 1798. After wintering at the Hawaiian Islands the Dove returned to the coast where the Eliza met her on March 16, 1799, soon after her arrival. Captain Stewart, who had left the Jackal in China, joined her at the islands. The Eliza's MS. Log contains numerous references to her in March and April, 1799. The Indians complained that Duffin made them but few presents and paid a small price for their skins. In April, 1799, the Dove ran upon a rock in Cross Sound and was left almost dry by the ebbing tide, but was successfully floated off on the next high water.

References: Tuft's List in The North West Coast (New York, 1857),

J. G. Swan; Wm. Sturgis's MS. Journal of the Eliza, March 16, April 2, 4, 10, 18, 1799.

ELIZA.-An American ship of Boston, owned by J. and T. H. Perkins, and commanded by James Rowan, who had been formerly on the Dragon. John Kendrick Jr., son of Captain John Kendrick was supercargo. She carried 36 men and 12 guns and a cargo invoiced at $14,000. She reached the Northwest Coast, February 13, 1799. When the Caroline met her on 9th April she reported a very successful trade and that ten Boston vessels would be on the coast in the season. The Despatch found her at Kaigahnee, Alaska, in May and was told that she then had 2,300 sea-otter skins on board. Following his instructions Captain Rowan continued trading southward along the coast. She reached San Francisco in May and obtained supplies on her promise not to touch at any other place in California. Nevertheless Rowan traded at every opportunity as far as Acapulco, whence he sailed for Boston via China. The Eliza left Canton in December, 1799, and arrived at her home port in May, 1800, 130 days passage. Her collection of furs had exceeded in number those of the Margaret and the Hazard.

References: Life of William Sturgis (Boston, 1864), by C. G. Loring, pp. 6 f; Memoir of Life of T. H. Perkins, by T. G. Eary (Boston, 1956), p. 287; In the Forecastle, p. 94; Columbian Centinel, November 2, 1799; May 7, 1800; MS. Log of the Eliza; William Sturgis's MS. Journal of the Eliza; MS. Log of the Hancock, May 17, 1799; Bancroft's History of California, 1884, Vol. 1, p. 545; The History and Genealogy of the Cabot Family, by L. V. Briggs, Boston, 1927, Vol. 1, p. 392. MS. Solid Men of Boston, p. 76; MS. Letter from John Kendrick dated August 21, 1799 in Archives of Hawaii.

GOWLAND.-AN American brig of Boston, owners not known. She sailed from Boston in March, 1797, in command of Bazilla Worth, intending to collect seal skins at the Falkland Islands and St. Ambrose and to proceed thence to the Hawaiian Islands and the Northwest Coast. In January, 1798, the brig entered Acapulco, allegedly for water, and was detained by the Spaniards until March 6, 1799. The last word from her captain was that notwithstanding the delay he would either sell the vessel and return to the United States by land or purchase trading goods for the Northwest Coast, and "be back at Queen Charlotte Islands by lst June 1799." It is believed that this intention was carried into effect, for on March 14, 1800, "arrived at the Cape. of Good Hope a very small copper-bottomed brig with a long main mast from the N.W. Coast and Canton." No other brig is known to have been in the trade in 1799.

References: Columbian Centinel, May 22, 1799; June 11, 1800; Mexico Archivo General Seccion de Californias, Vol. 62.

HANCOCK.-An American ship of Boston, owned by Dorr and Sons, and commanded by Captain Crocker. She sailed from Boston August 25, 1798, and reached Meares Bay, Alaska, April 15, 1799. The Eliza met her on the coast, May 1, 1799, and the Caroline found her June 1, 1799, approaching Sitka. In May, whilst at Sitka a mutiny occurred on board. Thirteen of her crew refused to remain and demanded to be put on shore, which was done. A few days later four repentant mutineers were allowed to return to the ship. As the Hancock was leaving the sound two others stole a canoe and followed the ship begging reinstatement. Being refused, they followed for some miles. The Indians pursued the fugitives and finally with the consent of the crew the two were again taken on board. The fate of the others is unknown. At the end of the season the Hancock sailed for Boston by way of China. She left Canton, January 29, 1800, in company with Ulysses and Despatch, and arrived July 9, 1800.

References: Columbian Centinel, August 25, 1798, November 2, 1799, and May 7, 1800; Independent Chronicle, July 14, 1800; In the Forecastle, pp. 104 f.; Sturgis's MS. journal of the Eliza; MS. Log of the Hancock.

LIBERTY.-See the Butterworth in the entries for this year.

ULYSSES.-An American ship of Boston, owned by Lamb and others, and commanded by David Lamb. She was "a very fine ship", and carried a cargo valued at $14,000. She sailed from Boston, August 20, 1798, and reached the Northwest Coast in February, 1799. The Eliza reported her, May 1, 1799; the Caroline met her south of Sitka, June 7, 1799; and the Hancock found her at anchor in Kaigahnee, June 30, 1799. She informed the Hancock that she then had 600 or 700 skins on board. A mutiny also occurred on the Ulysses in May whilst she was at Kaigahnee. The Despatch and the Eliza came upon the scene and an arrangement was made whereby William Sturgis of the Eliza became mate of the Ulysses. Salter, the mate of the Ulysses, the leader of the mutiny, and four of the other mutineers were sent back to Boston on other vessels. In the autumn the Ulysses returned from the coast, following the usual route, by way of China. She was in Canton in December, and sailed thence for Boston in company with the Hancock and Despatch on January 29, 1800. She was dismasted in a hurricane, but reached St. Helena, April 28, 1800, under jury masts.

References: Columbian Centinel, August 22, 1798, November 2, 1799, May 7, July 9, July 12, July 19, 1800; In the Forecastle, p. 105; Loring's Life of William Sturgis (Boston, 1864), p. S; MS. Log of the Hancock, June 29, 30, 1799; William Sturgis's MS. journal of the Eliza, May 9, 1799, et seg.; Lamb's MS. Notes on North West Trade, p. 37; MS. Solid Men of Boston, p. 76.

NOTE:--From the MS. Log of the Hancock, June 19, 1799, whilst at Sitka Sound: "Came in and anchored near us the Russian brig that we had seen at the northward under Dutch colours. The captain of her went on board the Despatch. The commander of the brig said he was a Hanoverian. He tells us the brig belongs to a Russian merchant who has now 1300 (sic) hunters out after otters and he expects some of the hunters and the merchant here every day."

1800

ALERT.-An American ship of Boston, owned by J. & T. Lamb, 5/12, Russell Sturgis 3/12, and Ebenezer Preble 4/12. For her first voyage, see entry for 1798. She left Boston again in October, 1799, in command of William Bowles, with a crew of 21 men. Traded on the Northwest Coast in the season of 1800, and at its termination sailed by way of the Hawaiian Islands for China and Boston. Arriving in Canton, September 15, 1800, she resumed her voyage on December 13, 1800, and reached Boston, April 13, 1801. "She has performed a circumnavigating voyage to the N.W. coast and Canton in about 19 months." Boston Gazette, April 15, 1801. On this voyage the Alert made for her owners a profit of $49,592.86.

References: As above; Lamb's MS. Notes on North West Trade, pp. 37, 81.

ALEXANDER.-An American ship of Boston, owned by Bass and others. This is her second voyage; for the first, see entries for 1798. She left Boston in command of Asa Dodge; but neither her date of sailing nor of arrival on the coast has been found. Traded during 1800 and in the autumn sailed homeward by way of "the islands" and China. After leaving the coast Captain Dodge jumped overboard and was drowned. The mate, Shepherd, then took. command. During her passage from "the islands" to China the magazine caught fire and exploded, killing ten men and injuring several others. She left Canton in March, 1801, and reached Boston in November, 1801, 230 days-a very lengthy passage.

References: Columbian Centinel, June 20, 1801, October 7, 1801, November 7, 1801.

BELLE SAVAGE.-An American ship of Boston, owned by S. Coolidge and commanded by David Ockington. This voyage may be, and, probably is, apocryphal. It rests solely upon a statement in that rare and untrustworthy volume, The Life, Vovages, and Travels of Captain John Myers, London, 1817, p. 164, that the British Letter of Marque, Betsy, met her on August 24, 1800, near Cook's Inlet, Alaska. No other record has been found.

BEAVER.-An American ship, presumably of Boston, in command of a Captain Lewis. This voyage is probably apocryphal. It rests entirely upon a statement in Myers Voyages, supra, that the Betsy met her near Princess Royal Islands on the Northwest Coast on August 16, 1800, and that she had then a cargo of furs and was bound' for Canton. See the Belle Savage and the Betsy.

BETSY.-A British Letter of Marque, owned by D. Bennett of London. This vessel is said to have sailed from London, July 21, 1799, and to have been on the Northwest Coast in the season of 1800. If she made the voyage the Betsy may have traded on the coast, as the account of her supposed voyage contains a chapter dealing with the trade.

Refereces: The Life, Voyages and Travels of Captain John Myers, London, 1817, Chapters 7, 8, 9 and 10, pp. 133 ff. The book is quite unreliable; its dates and its statements do not check with the other authorities.

BETSY.--An American brigantine of Boston, carrying 10 guns and a crew of 19 men, under Charles Winship. She left Boston in 1799; was seized and detained at Valparaiso by the Spaniards, but was later released; and arrived on the Northwest Coast in 1800. After trading on the Alaskan coast and in the vicinity of Queen Charlotte Islands she sailed southward to San Diego, where she remained from August 25 till September 4, 1800. She was the first American vessel to visit that port, and was supposed to be engaged in illegal trade and prohibited sea-otter hunting. Fearing capture the Betsy put hastily to sea, leaving her captain, first mate, and supercargo on shore under arrest. Brown, the second mate, then took command and ultimately sailed her to Canton. Thence she returned to Boston, arriving in October, 1801. Captain Winship died at San Bias, Mexico, on December 4, 1800, aged 23 years.

References: Columbian Centinel, September 27, 1800, June 20, 1801; October 7, 1801; May 15, 1802; MS. Solid Men of Boston; Bancroft's History of California, Vol. 1, p. 546; Morison's Maritime History of Massachusetts, p. 59; Mexico Archivo General, Seccion de Californias MS., Vol. 2.

CHARLOTTE-.-An American ship of Boston, commanded by Captain Ingersoll. In September, 1800, she was reported at Valparaiso bound for the Northwest Coast; she reached Canton November 22,1801, on her home ward voyage. About the end of December, 1801, she was still at Canton, and sailed thence February 2, 1802. No details of her voyage have been found.

References: Independent Chronicle, April 5, 1802; Columbian Centinel, April 25, 1801; Tuft's List in The North West Coast, by James G. Swan (New York, 1857); letter dated October 6, 1801, in T. H. Perkin's papers in Mass. Hist. Society.

DOVE.-See entries for 1798 and 1799. Swan's The North West Coast, Tuft's List (New York, 1857), states that she was on the Northwest coast in 1800, but this is open to grave doubt.

HAZARD.-An American brig of Boston, now owned by T. H. Perkins, James Magee, and E. Johnson who purchased her in July, 1799, for $9,950. This is her second voyage; for her first voyage, see entries for 1797 and 1798. Commanded by Benjamin Swift, she cleared from Boston August 29, 1799 and sailed in September. She traded on the Northwest Coast in 1800, obtaining a cargo of 3,600 sea-otter skins. She arrived in Canton, homeward bound, on September 16, 1801, and sailed November 29, 1801, arriving in Boston, May 7, 1802.

References: Lamb's MS. Notes on North West Trade, pp. 35, 39; Columbian Centinel, August 31, 1799, April 10, 1802, May 8, 1802; Independent Chronicle, March 4, 1802; "Americans at Sea" in Niles Weekly Register (1820), Vol. 18, pp. 417 f., reproduced from Boston Daily Advertiser August 1, 1820; E. B. Hewes MS. List of American Trading Vessels.

JENNY.-The second voyage of this ship; for the first, see entry for 1798. Still owned by Dorr and Sons and still commanded by Captain Bowers. She left Boston in 1799 and arrived on the Northwest Coast in 1800. She traded during that season and sailing thence homeward bound arrived in Canton on November 1, 1800. Obtaining the usual cargo of Oriental goods she left Canton, December 8, 1800, and reached Boston, May 12, 1801. These dates are given in E. B. Hewes MS. List, but the Columbian Centinel says: "Arrived from Canton, Jenny, Boston, Bowers, 163 days, on May 6, 1801; met a French privateer and found peace declared."

References: E. B. Hewes MS. List of American Trading Vessels; Columbian Centinel, May 30, 1801.

ROVER.-An American schooner of Boston owned by Dorr and Sons and commanded by Captain Davidson. She cleared for the Northwest Coast in 1799, but is said to have been lost at sea. No further details have been found, unless she is the "American ship [which] war, lost in June, 1801, on the N.W. coast, and it is feared the crew were cut off by the natives."

References: Bancroft's History of North West Coast, 1884, Vol. 1, p. 308; Columbian Centinel, July 17, 1802; Tuft's List in Swan's The North West Coast (New York, 1857); New England Magazine, 1892.

1801

ATAHUALPA.-"A new and handsome ship" of Boston, 210 tons, owned by Theodore Lyman and associates, and commanded by Captain Wildes. She sailed from Boston on her maiden voyage, August 26, 1800, for the Northwest Coast, in company with the Guatimozin. Her outward cargo was invoiced at $18,750. After the trading season closed she wintered 1801-02 near Nahwittee, at the northwest end of Vancouver Island.

References: Columbian Centinel, August 27, 1800, September 10, 1800, March 3, 1802; Russell's Gazette, August 21, 1800; Boston Gazette, July 5, 1802; Massachusetts Historical Society's Collection (1804) lst series, Vol. 9, p. 242; MS. Solid Men of Boston, p. 76; "The Trading Voyages of the Atahualpa", in Washington Historical Quarterly, Vol. XIX, pp. 3 ff.

BELLE SAVAGE.-See entry for 1800. As pointed out in that entry it is very doubtful whether the voyage of 1800 was made. The Belle Savage was, however, at Masafuera on May 9, 1802, procuring seal skins and reported that she "had lost three of her people, killed by the Indians of the Northwest Coast." From this it is inferred that she was on the coast in 1801 and had probably wintered at the Hawaiian Islands. No other information regarding her movements in 1801 has been found.

References: Columbian Centinel, December 8, 1802.

BETSY.-AN American ship, probably of Boston, commanded by Captain Cartwright. - Her owners and the dates of her sailing and arrival on the Northwest Coast have not been ascertained. She traded on the coast during the season of 1801. On her voyage to China she put into Archeen for the purpose of drying her furs. She was at Canton in November, 1801, and departed about December 12, 1801, arriving in Boston, May 21, 1802, 166 days passage: "no news, spoke nothing" is the laconic entry of her return.

References: Columbian Centinel, February 20, March 13, April 10,

May 22, 1802.

CATHERINE or KATHFRINE.-An American ship of Boston, 162 tons, owned by J. Coolidge and commanded by Bazilla Worth. She cleared for the Northwest Coast in September, 1800. She traded on the coast during the season of 1801 and at its termination sailed for the Hawaiian Islands where she was left in November, 1801, and was to return to the coast.

References: Russell's Gazette, September 29, 1800; Columbian Centinel, July 3, 1802; Boston Gazette, July 5, 1802; E. B. Hewes, MS. List of American Trading Vessels.

CAROLINE.-An American ship of Boston, 150 tons, owned by J. & T . Lamb 7/16, Russell Sturgis 4/16, Ebenezer Preble 4/16, and her master, Charles Derby 1/16. She sailed from Boston in 1800, with a cargo invoiced at $18,500 for the Northwest Coast, and was left trading there on June 28, 1801. At the close of the season the Caroline went to the Hawaiian islands, but whether to winter or merely to obtain refreshment is not known.

References: Columbian Centinel, March 3, 1802; MS. Solid Men of Boston; Life of William Sturgis (Boston, 1864), by C. G. Loring, pp. 10 f.; History and Genealogy of the Cabot Family, by L. V. Briggs (Boston, 1927), Vol. 1, p. 401.

CHARLOTTE.-See entry for 1800. This vessel traded on the coast again in 1801, and was still there in August, 1801.

CHEERFUL.-A British ship from Macao. This was her second voyage to the coast; for her first voyage, see entry for 1799. She was commanded by Henry Barber who in 1796 had been master of the brig, Arthur; seen try for that year. She traded during l8Ol and was left on the coast in the autumn of 1801. She wintered there and continued her trade in 1802.

References: Boston Gazette, July 5, 1802; Columbian Centinel, July 3, 1802; A Voyage Round the World, by John Turnbull, London, 1813, p. 516.

DESPATCH.-The fourth voyage of this small ship of 106 tons to the Northwest Coast; for earlier voyages, see entries for 1795, 1797, and 1799. She was still owned by Dorr and Sons and was now commanded by Samuel A. Dorr. The Despatch cleared from Boston in September, 1800, for the coast and China, with a cargo invoiced at $19,681. She arrived in 1801 and traded during that season; sailed for China and reached Canton, January 13, 1802; left Canton with the usual cargo of Oriental goods, February 19, 1802; and anchored in Boston harbour early in July, 1802; 130 days. Captain Dorr died on the voyage and Jackson, probably the mate, brought the vessel home.

References: Russell's Gazette, September 8, 1800; Columbian Centinel, March 3, April 3, June 30, 1802; Boston Gazette, July 5, 1802; MS. Solid Men of Boston, p. 76; E. B. Hewes, MS. Notes on American Vessels; History and Genealogy of the Cabot Family, Vol. 1, p. 397.


DIANA.-An American ship of Boston, owned by Stephen Higginson and J. and T. H. Perkins, Obed Barnard, master, which sailed from Boston on June 5, 1800, "for Rio Janeiro, South Seas and N.W. Coast." She carried American goods, which were represented as Spanish property. She arrived at Callao, December 5, 1800; and was seized and detained by the Spanish authorities. Being released the Diana sailed in October, 1801, for China, by way of the Hawaiian Islands, abandoning her intended voyage to the Northwest Coast. Captain Barnard died before the ship reached the Isle of France in June, 1802, and the mate, Folger, brought her back to Boston.

References: Russell's Gazette, June 26, 1800; Columbian Centinel, July 3, September 18, 1802; Independent Chronicle, July 5, 1802; a complete account of her seizure and consequent proceedings will be found in the Papers of the Boston-Marine Insurance Company in the Library of the Massachusetts Historical Society.

ENTERPRISE.-An American ship of New York, owned by Hay and Thorn, commanded by Ezekiel Hubbell, and carrying 10 guns and a crew of 21 men. This vessel left New York in 1800 and touched at San Diego in June, 1801, for supplies--the usual cover for illicit trade with the Spaniards. She spent the season of 1801, trading on the coast; and sailing homeward reached Canton, November 20, 1801. With the usual cargo she left China, January 31, 1802. The date of her arrival in New York has not been ascertained. She appears to have been the first ship to sail from New York in the Northwest trade.

References: Columbian Centinel, May 8, 1802; Bancroft's History of North West Coast, Vol. 1, p. 311; MS. Solid Men of Boston; E. B. Hewes, MS. Notes on American Vessels.


GLOBE.-An American ship of Boston, 245 tons, owned by Perkins, Lamb, and others, and commanded by Bernard Magee. Neither the date of her departure from Boston nor of her arrival on the coast has been found. Her outward cargo was invoiced at $29,253. In the season of 1801 she obtained 1400 sea-otter skins. Captain Magee was, killed in October, 1801, by the Indians at Skidegate, Queen Charlotte Islands. William Cunningham, the mate, then took command. She was left on the coast in the autumn, and from a letter written by Cunningham in October 9, 1801, it appears that he intended to remain, and trade during the winter. For the remainder of her voyage, see entry for 1802.

References: Columbian Centinel, March 3, April 3, July 5, July 8, 1802; MS. Solid Men of Boston; History and Genealogy of the Cabot Family, by L. V. Briggs, Boston, 1927, Vol. 1, pp. 398, 400, 401.

GUATIMOZIN.-"A new and handsome ship" of Boston, 211 tons, owned by Theodore Lyman and others. Commander, S. Bumstead. She sailed from Boston on August 26, 1800, for the Northwest Coast in company with the Atahualpa, with a cargo invoiced at $18,036. She was met on June 28, 1801, trading on the coast. In the autumn she left for Boston, by way of China and arrived in Canton, November 19, 1801. She sailed thence on January 2, 1802, with the usual cargo of teas, silks, etc., and returned to Boston, May 7, 1802, 120 days from Canton.


References: Columbian Centinel, August 27, September 10, 1800 March 3, April 3, April.10, May 8, 1802; MS. Solid Men of Boston; E. B. Hewes, MS. Notes on American Vessels.


HAZARD.-This brig continued to trade on the coast in 1801.

See the entry for 1800.


KATHERINE.-See CATHERINE:


LAVINIA.-An American brig of Bristol, Rhode Island, owned by R.J. DeWolf, and commanded by Captain Hubbard. She sailed for the Northwest Coast in 1800, and spent the season of 1801 in trading there; left in the autumn for China; arrived in Canton, November 8, 1801; and departed on October 25, 1801; but the date and port of arrival are not known.


References: Bancroft's History of North West Coast, 1884, Vol. 1, p. 311; E. B. Hewes, MS. Notes on American Vessels.


LITTELER.-An American brig of Boston, owned by Dorr and Sons,

and commanded by John Dorr, which cleared thence for the Northwest coast and China in August, 1800. She traded on the coast during the season of 1801; reached Canton, January 13, 1802; and obtaining the usual cargo of teas, silks, nankeens, etc., sailed for Boston on February 19, 1802, arriving there July 1, 1802, 130 days.


References: Russell's Gazette, August 18, 1800; Columbian Centinel, June 30, 1802; Boston Gazette, July 5, 1802.


Lucy.-An American ship, owned by Dorr and Sons, of Boston and commanded by Captain Pierpont. Her outward cargo was valued at $9,718. The dates of her departure from Boston and of her arrival on the Northwest Coast are not known; but she was trading on the coast on June 28, 1801. At the end of the season she sailed homeward and arrived in China November 6, 1801, but did not leave until January, 1802. On May 18, 1802, she anchored in Portsmouth, N.H., 130 days from Canton; three days later she was at anchor in Boston harbour.


References: Columbian Centinel, March 3, April 3, 10, 1802; Independent Chronicle, April 5, 1802; New England Palladium, May 21, 25, 1802; MS. Solid Men of Boston, p. 76.


MARY ANN.-A British ship of which at present nothing is known except that in November, 1800, she sailed from London for the Northwest Coast.


Reference: Columbian Centinel, December 31, 1800.


MARY.-An American ship, which sailed from Boston for the Northwest Coast on December 28, 1800; no details of her voyage have been found.


Reference: Columbian Centinel, December 31, 1800.


MANCHESTER.-An American ship, 285 tons, of Philadelphia, commanded by Captain Brice. She sailed from Bristol, Rhode Island, for the Northwest Coast on October 19, 1800, and was on the coast in 1801 and 1802. At Nootka seven of her crew deserted and were cruelly killed by the order of Maquinna, the head chief. She probably wintered 1801-02 at Nootka Sound. In the summer of 1802 having completed her cargo of furs, she sailed for China, arriving in Canton, September 27, 1802. She was still at Whampoa on November 28, 1802. The date of her return has not been found, but it would be in the summer of 1803.


References: Boston Gazette, March 28, 1803; Columbian Centinel, March 26, 1803; Jewitt's Narrative (Brown Edition, 1896), p. 154; Jewitt's journal (Boston, 1807), p. 10; History and Genealogy of the Cabot Family, by L. V. Briggs (Boston, 1927), Vol. 2, p. 797; E. B. Hewes, MS. Notes on American Vessels.


MINATINOMO.-An American ship of Norwich, Connecticut, which sailed under William Swaine in 1800 for the South Seas, Northwest Coast and China. Owned by the estates of William Coit, John F. Hudson, Providence, and Samuel Hunting, New London. She collected 100,000 seal skins, and in December, 1801, went into Coquimbo where she was seized by the Spaniards. As a result the voyage to the coast was abandoned.


Reference: Spanish Spoliation Claims, Vol. 18, MS. in the Department of State, Washington, D.C.


PEGASUS.-An American ship of New York, commanded by Otis Liscomb. According to E. B. Hewes, MS. Notes on American Vessels she sailed for the Northwest Coast in 1800, but was seized by the Spaniards at Coquimbo, on January 2, 1801, and charged with illegal trading--an accusation that was probably true, in view of her having a cargo valued at $150,000, five or six times as much as the usual venture to the Northwest Coast.


POLLY.-An American snow or brig of Boston, owned by Thomas Parish and in command of Captain Kilby. She cleared for the Northwest Coast and China in August, 1800, with a cargo valued at $10,631, and was at Rio Janeiro in the following November. The date of her arrival on the coast is not known, but she was left there June 28, 1801. At the close of the season she sailed for Boston via China. She was reported at Whampoa, September 20,1801, and on November 22, 1801, was loaded and ready for sea. On that day in company with the Hazard she dropped down the river to Boca Tigris. The Polly sailed November 29, 1801, and reached Boston on May 5, 1802, 160 days from Canton. On April 16, 1802, some three weeks before reaching home, a French privateer made an unsuccessful attempt to capture her.


References: Russell's Gazette, August 25, 1800; Columbian Centinel, April 25, 1801, March 3, April 10, May 8, 1802; Boston Gazette, May 6, 1802; MS. Solid Men of Boston, p. 76.


THREE SISTERS.-An American ship of New York, commanded by Peleg Barker, which sailed thence in 1800 and was trading on the Northwest Coast in the season of 1801. No other information is at present available.


Reference: E. B. Hewes, MS. Notes of American Vessels.

1802

ALERT.-The third voyage of this American ship of Boston; for he earlier, see entries for 1798 and 1800. The Alert was now owned by J. & T. Lamb 46-48, John Lamb Jr. 1/48 and her master, John Ebbets, 1/48, formerly her first mate. She had returned from her second voyage in April, 1801; and on July 8, 1801, she cleared again for the coast with a cargo valued at $28,001.62. She traded during he season of 1801 and at its close sailed by way of the Hawaiian Islands to China, arriving in Canton, December 8, 1802. Having sold her sea-otter skins and purchased Oriental goods which she sent to Boston on the Katherine, the Alert returned to the coast.


References: Columbian Centinel, July 8, 1801, March 23, June 15, 803; Lamb's MS. Notes on North West Trade, pp. 39, 87.


AMETHYST.-An American ship of and from Boston, commanded by Captain Bowers. It is believed that this vessel was on the Northwest Coast in 1802, but no satisfactory evidence is presently available. She returned to Boston on April 2, 1803, 128 days from Canton, with the usual cargo of teas, silks, nankeens and chinaware.


References: Boston Gazette, April 4, 1803; Columbian Centinel, larch 23, April 6 1803.


ATAHUALPA.--This ship was in the trade in 1801 and wintered on the coast; see entry for 1801. She continued trading in 1802 and in August. 6, 1802, took the usual homeward route by way of the Hawaiian Islands and China. In October she was at Oahu, Kauai, and Niihau. Continuing her voyage she arrived in Canton, December 1802, and with the usual cargo of Oriental goods reached Boston June, 1803.

References: See entry for 1801; Columbian Centinel, June 15, 1803.


BELLE SAVAGE.-See entry for 1801. It is not definitely known that this vessel was on the coast again in 1802, but the date of her arrival in Canton, December 6, 1802, makes it probable. Vessels, that added sealing to the maritime trade, usually spent only about two months in seal-hunting. She left Canton with a cargo of Oriental goods on February 8, 1803, in company with the Atahualpa, and arrived in Boston, June 24, 1803, a passage of 137 days.


References: In entry for 1801; Columbian Centinel, June 15, 25, 1803.


CAROLINE.-See entry for 1801. She traded on the coast again in 1802 under William Sturgis; and the seas on being ended took the usual route homeward. Captain Derby died in Honolulu in September, 1802. Arrivinging in Canton on September 30, 1802. She reached Boston on March 24, 1803, 115 days from Canton. The net proceeds of her voyage were $73,034.32.


References: In entry for 1801; Columbian Ceniiiiel, March 26, 1803; Boston Gazette, March 28, 1803; Lamb's MS. Notes on North West Trade, p. 39; Loring's Life of William Sturgis (Boston, 1864).


CATHERINE.-See entry for l80l. On her return from the Hawaiian Islands she traded during the season of 1802, and at its close took the usual route homeward. She was at Canton on February 8, 1803, and was almost ready to sail. Besides her own goods she carried those of the Alert. She departed from Canton on February 14, and reached Boston, June 29, 1803, 135 days.


References: In entry for 1801; Columbian Centinel, June 15, July 2, 1803.


CHEERFUL.-See entry for 1801. She wintered on the coast and continued her trade during 1802. Her voyage was unsuccessful. Late in 1802 she left for China by way of the Hawaiian Islands. Turnbull in his Voyage states that he met her at Oahu in December, 1802, and that Captain Barber was then negotiating with Kamehameha I for the return of the guns of the Arthur (see entry for 1796) which the Hawaiians had salvaged.


References: As in 1801.


GLOBE.-See entry for 1801. Having spent the winter of 1801-02 in trading, the Globe completed her cargo of sea-otter skins and at the close of the season of 1802, under William Cunningham, took the usual route homeward. She arrived in Canton, November 3, 1802, and was still at Whampoa at the end of that month. The date of her return to Boston has not been found.


References: As in 1801; Columbian Centinel, March 20, 26, 1803; Lamb's MS. Notes on North West Trade.


HAZARD.-An American ship carrying 50 men and 22 guns which cleared under Captain Rowan, from Providence, Rhode Island, for the Northwest Coast. She sailed first to Liverpool where she was in July, 1801, and was to leave about September 10, 1801. A letter from Buenos Ayres dated June 28, 1802, stated that the "Spaniards had seized the ship Hazard, Rowan, Master, and that he and his crew were in prison". She must soon have been released for that autumn she was reported at the Hawaiian Islands and was shortly expected in China. It is presumed that the seizure was for illegal trading on the Spanish coast. In any event she was found at anchor in the Typa on November 28, 1802.


References: Columbian Centinel, August 26, 1801, October 28, 1801; December 8, 1802, March 23, 1803; Boston Gazette, March 28, 1803.


NOTE.-The ship Hazard must not be confused with the Boston brig Hazard, under Benjamin Swift.


HETTY.-An American schooner, of Philadelphia, under Captain Jona Briggs. She sailed in the autumn of 1801 and in February, 1802, was reported as passing Mesafuera. She traded on the coast in 1802, and sailing thence at the end of the season arrived at Canton in November, 1802. The date of her return to Philadelphia is not known.


References: Independent Chronicle, June 28, 1802; Boston Gazette, March 28, 1803; Tuft's List in The North West Coast, by James G. Swan, New York, 1857.


JENNY.-An American ship, 170 tons, owned by Dorr and Sons of Boston. This was her second voyage; for her first, see entry for 1800. She cleared in July, 1801, under Captain Crocker for the Northwest Coast, and spent the season of 1802 in trading there. In the autumn she quitted the coast; whence it might be inferred that the trade had been successful (for most of the voyages now occupied two seasons), and sailing by way of the Hawaiian Islands reached Canton on November 28, 1802, just as the Caroline was departing. In January, 1803, the Jenny sailed for Europe. Madame Bonaparte visited the vessel while she lay at Antwerp. Sailing from that port with a cargo of dry goods, gin, etc., the Jenny reached Boston, September 16, 1803.


References: In entry for 1800; Columbian Centinel, July 15, 1801; March 23, 26, May 11, June 15, 1803; Boston Gazette, July 20, 1801, March 28, 1803; New England Palladium, September 20, 1803.


JUNO.-An American ship, 250 tons, owned in Bristol, Rhode Island, and commanded by Captain Gibbs. John Kendrick Jr. was onboard. For a description of this vessel, see Wilfred Harold Munro's Tales of an Old Sea Port, Princeton, 1917, pp. 101 ff. She sailed from Bristol in 1801 and traded on the Northwest Coast in 1802, where she was met on 6th August. She probably wintered on the coast; the custom of wintering at the Hawaiian Islands had now practically ceased.


References: As above; Columbian Centinel, June 15, 1803.


KATHERINE.-See CATHFRINIE:


LELIA BYRD.-An American brig, 175 tons, of Portsmouth, Virginia, owned by Richard J. Cleveland and William Shaler, her commander. She sailed for the Northwest Coast in January, 1802. A letter from Buenos Ayres, June 26, 1802, says: "Brig Lilly Bird's captain in prison", probably for illegal trading with the Spanish settlements. She was released and arrived on the coast, March 23, 1803; she traded until May 28, 1803, when she sailed for China, arriving in Canton August 26, 1803.


References: Columbian Centinel, January 9, December 8, 1802; Voyages of a Merchant Navigator, by H. W. S. Cleveland, 1886; A Narrative of Voyages and Commercial Enterprises.


LOUISA.-An American ship of Boston, commanded by Robert Haswell, who had been on the Columbia during her two voyages to the Northwest Coast, 1787-90, 1790-93, and in command of the Adventure on the coast in 1792. The Louisa cleared from Boston in August, 1801, and was lost with all on board, but when and where is not known. The only reference is in New England Palladium, August 27, 1805, and Boston Weekly Magazine, August 31, 1805; "Capt. Robert Haswell is supposed lately to have been lost on a voyage to the N.W. coast. It was his third voyage." There is a tradition in the family that his wife received a letter from him whilst on the voyage. This might be regarded as showing that the Louisa was lost in the Pacific Ocean.


References: As above; Columbian Centinel, August 8, 1801.


GREENWOOD.-An American ship of New York, commanded by Rufus Greene, which sailed from that city for the Northwest Coast in 1801. She is mentioned in E. B. Hewes, MS. Notes on American Vessels, but no reference to her has been found.


MANCHESTER.-See entry for 1801, which contains all that is known of her trading voyage to the coast in 1801 and 1802.


MARY.-See entry for 1803.


VANCOUVER.-An American ship, 285 tons, owned by Theodore Lyman and others, and commanded by Captain Brown. She cleared from Boston for the Northwest Coast and China in August, 1801; traded on the coast in 1802 and at the end of the season visited the Hawaiian Islands. She was met there on October 28, 1802, and was then "bound for the Northwest coast". Probably she was at the islands to obtain supplies, for the vessels had by this time practically ceased wintering there. She traded on the coast also in 1803.

1803

NOTE:-In John Jewitt's Journal (Boston, 1807), p. 9, under date, August 18, 1803, it is stated: "This day a canoe arrived from Clay-o-quate and informed us that there was a ship laying at anchor at the chenooks; they told us that the captain had a wooden leg and that he was afraid to come to Nootka, he having heard of our ships being cut off." In the Lewis and Clark Journals, edited by R. G. Thwaites, Vol. 3, p. 306, it is recorded that the Indians mentioned a three masted vessel, trading on the coast and commanded by Callallomet. Neither ship nor master has been identified. Making every allowance for distortion of sounds there was no master, so far as other records show, on the coast in 1803 with a name at all resembling "Callallomet"; and even the wooden leg is of no assistance in settling the question.


ALERT.-See entry for 1802. From Canton this vessel returned to the Northwest Coast with rice, sugar, bread, etc., and spent the season of 1803 in trading there. At its conclusion she took the regular route homeward, arriving in Canton, November 4, 1803. Having obtained the usual cargo she left Macao Roads for Boston, January 6 or 8, 1804 and arrived there May 14, 1804. She was sold in November, 1804.


References: Columbian Centinel, June 15, 1803, May 9, 12, 16, 1804; New England Palladium, March 10, May l5, 1804. Lamb's MS. Notes on North West Trade, pp. 39, 41, 87.


ALEXANDER.-The second voyage of this American ship; for her first voyage, see entry for 1800. She had returned to Boston in November, 1801; and cleared again in July, 1802, for the Northwest Coast under John Brown. She traded on the coast in the season of 1803. On August 11, 1803, the Alexander anchored in San Francisco, with a tale of having been attacked by the northern Indians; but the Spaniards, doubtless realizing that her real purpose was unlawful trade, ordered her to depart. She seems then to have sailed for China. Leaving Canton on January 20, 1804, the Alexander sailed for Boston where she arrived June 5, 1804, 136 days later.


References: Columbian Centinel, July 17, 1802, January 20, May 9, 12, 26, June 6, 1804; New England Palladium, May 11, 1804.


BOSTON.-An American ship of Boston, owned by J. and T. Amory and commanded by John Salter. She left Boston in 1801 for Hull, England. There she obtained a cargo of trading goods, said to have been one of the best and most varied assortments, and sailed for the Northwest Coast. The Boston arrived in Nootka Sound on March 12, 1.803; ten days later she was captured by the Indians under Maquinna and all the crew murdered, except two; John Jewitt and John Thompson, who remained for two years as captives.


References: Jewitt's Journal, Boston, 1807, and Jewitt.'s Narrative, of which there are many editions; "An Early Account of the Loss of the Boston", Washington Historical Quarterly, Vol. 17, pp. 280 ff.; Columbian Centinel, May 20, 1807.


GUATIMOZIN.-The second voyage of this American ship, 211 tons, owned by Theodore Lyman and others of Boston, and commanded by S. Bumstead. For her first voyage, see entry for 1801. Returning to Boston in May, 1802, she cleared in the following July for the Northwest Coast. She was spoken in November, 118 days later en route to the coast. The Guatimozin traded there in 1803 and 1804, and was met there on 1st September, 1803. Soon afterwards she appears to have left for China; she was seen, November 2, 1803, in the river bound upward to Canton.


References: Columbian Centinel, July 10, November 11, 1802, May 12, 1804; New England Palladium, March 10, May 11, 1804; History and Genealogy of the Cabot Family, by L. V. Briggs, Boston, 1927, Vol. 2, p. 512.


HAZARD.-This ship in November, 1802, was in China; see entry for 1802. She appears to have then returned to the coast and was left there trading on September 1, 1803. She seems to have spent the winter of 1803-4 on the coast and to have traded there during 1804. She left the coast in the autumn and followed the regular route homeward. Towards the end of 1804 the Hazard arrived in China, and was at Whampoa on January 2, 1805, expecting to sail for home on February 1, 1805.


References: Columbian Centinel, May 12, 1804, April 24, 1805, May 8, 1805; New England Palladium, April 23, 1805; Bancroft's History of the North West Coast, 1884, Vol. 1, p. 313.


HAZARD.-An American brig, 216 tons of Boston, owned by Perkins and others and commanded by Benjamin Swift. This was her third voyage to the Northwest Coast; for the preceding, see entries for 1798 and 1800. She cleared from Boston about 28th July, but is said not to have sailed until September, 1802. She arrived on the coast, March 12, 1803, and traded during 1803 and 1804. In the autumn of 1,803 she sailed to the Hawaiian Islands where the Caroline met her in December. She soon returned and was again met by the Caroline at Queen Charlotte Islands in February, 1804. Leaving the coast in the autumn, 1804, this brig arrived in Canton, November 6, 1,804; sailed for Boston about January 8, 1805, and reached her home port, May 6, 18O5, 117 days later.


NOTE: As both the brig Hazard and the ship Hazard were in the trade in 1803 and 1804 it is somewhat difficult to identify them in the laconic statements in the ship news of the various newspapers.

References: Columbian Centinel, July 28, 1802, May 12, 1804, April 24, May 8, 1805; Boston Gazette, July 29, 1802; New England Palladium, May 11, 1804; April l2, 23, 1805, May 10, 1805; "Americans at Sea" in Niles Weekly Register (1820) Vol. 18, pp. 417 f.;

E. B. Hewes, MS. Notes on American Vessels.


JUNO.-See entry for 1802. The Juno continued her trading on the coast during 1803. Hearing of the capture of the Boston she, in company with the Mary, on March 26, 1803, entered Nootka Sound and made a feeble attempt to retake her. She sailed from the coast at the end of the season and reached Canton, November 2, 1803; left China on January 6, 1804, and in May following returned to her home port, Bristol, Rhode Island. On her homeward voyage she was fired upon by a French privateer, which she frightened off by firing her stern chasers. She had been absent about three years and her copper was worn as thin as paper. Towards the end of her voyage she seems to have been in command of John Kendelck, Jr.


References: Jewitt's Journal, March 26, 1803; Jewitt's Narrative (Brown Edition, 1896), p. 76; Munro's Tales of an Old Sea Part (Princeton, 1917), pp. 106 ff.; "An Early Account of the Loss of the Boston", Washington Historical Quarterly, Vol. 17, pp. 280 ff.; Columbian Centinel, May 9, 1804.


LELIA BYRD.-See entry for 1802 and New England Palladium, May 11, 1804.


MARY.-An American ship owned by J. Gray of Boston, and in command of William Bowles. She cleared for the Northwest Coast in February, 1802. Traded on the coast in l8O2 and l8O3. In March, 1803, in company with the Juno, she made a faint-hearted attempt to rescue Jewitt and Thompson, the survivors of the Boston. She left the coast in the autumn of 1803 and, apparently under Gray as master, was at Whampoa, the port of Canton, in January, 1804, expecting to sail in about eight days. The Mary arrived in Boston in May, 1804. On her homeward voyage she encountered the ship Apollo, leaking and in distress. She strove to tow her to safety but after seven days was forced to abandon her in a sinking condition off St. Helena.


References: See under Juno; Boston Gazette, February 5, 1802; Independent Chronicle, February 5, 1802; New England Palladium, May 11, 25, 1804; Columbian Centinel, May 12, 1804.


O'CAIN.-An American ship, 280 tons, of New York, owned by Abiel Winship, Benjamin P. Homer, Jonathan Winship, Jr., and others. Commanded by Joseph O'Cain. She was "a first class ship of that day", and under different commanders traded on the coast in 1803-4, 1806-7, and 1809-12. On this, her first voyage she cleared from Boston about January 12, 1803, for the Northwest Coast and sailed eleven days later. Jonathan Winship Jr., one of her owners, was on board. The date of her arrival on the coast is not known, nor any details of her voyage, further than that she traded in 1803 and 1804 and carried "a valuable cargo of furs" to Canton. She was at Whampoa on January 2, 1805, expecting to sail for Boston in ten days. She returned to that port, "after an absence of about three years", July 1, 1805.


References: MS. Solid Men of Boston; New England Palladium, July 2, 1805; Columbian Centinel, January 12, 1803, April 24, July 8, 1805; Bancroft's History of North West Coast, 1884, Vol. 1, p. 318.


VANCOUVER.-See entry for 1802. This vessel continued to trade on the coast in the season of 1803. At its conclusion she took the regular route homeward, arriving in Canton November 8, 1803. With her own cargo of Oriental goods and some belonging to the Alert she sailed thence for Boston in company with the Mary on January 20, 1804, and 136 days later, June 20, 1804, anchored in her home port.


References: See entry for 1802; Columbian Centinel, May 9, 12, 25, June 6, 1804; New England Palladium, May 11, 1804.

1804

ATAHUALPA.-The second voyage of this ship; for the first voyage, see entries for 1801 and 1802. On this occasion she left Boston in August, 1803, for the Northwest Coast, in command of Captain O. Porter. In the following December the Despatch, homeward bound, met her en route to the coast. In January, 1804, she was found

trading. It is presumed that she wintered on the coast. In June, 1805, at Milbanke Sound the natives attempted to capture her. In the encounter Captain Porter and eight of his men were killed and nine others wounded. At the close of the season of 1805 she took the regular route homeward, by way of the Hawaiian Islands. In command of Adams who had taken charge after the affair at Milbanke Sound, she reached Canton, November 16, 1805. She sailed for Boston on December 28, 1805.


References: Entries for 1801 and 1802; Columbia Centinel, April 28, 1804, April 2, 1806; Independent Chronicle, February 24, 1806; New England Palladium, April 1, 15, 1806; "The Trading Voyages of the Atahualpa", Washington Historical Quarterly, Vol, XIX, pp. 3ff.; "Journal of a Voyage between China and Northwestern Coast in 1804" in American Register, 1808, p. 171.


CAROLINE-The Second voyage of this ship, 214 tons, of Boston, owned by J. & T. Lamb, T.H. Perkins, and Russell Sturgis,a nd commanded by William Sturgis. For the first voyage see entries for 1801 and 1802. The Carloine sailed from Boston on July 12, 1803; called at the Hawaiian Islands, December 1, 1803; and arrived at Kiagahnee, Alaska, January 14, 1804. She had a Spanish passport, dated July 9, 1803. Amongst her trading equipment the Caroline had ermine skins which she exchanged for sea-otter skins. She traded southward as far as the Columbia River. In 1813 on a tree near Baker’s Bay was found an inscription reading: "Ship Carloine of Boston, May 21, 1804". She probably wintered on the coast in 1804-5. On April 27, 1805, she was at Milbanke Sound, trading, and had been there some days. She seems to have sailed from the coast about the usual time, for she arrived in China in November, 1805, and was still there at the end of that month. The date of her return to Boston has not been found.


References: Columbian Centinel, April 2, 1806; Independent Chronicle July 24, 1806; Loring’s Life of William Sturgis, Boston, 1864, pp. 8, 10; Munro’s Tales of an Old Seaport Town, p. 113; Couse’s New Light (Henry-Thompson Journals) New York, 1897, Vol. 2, pp. 762 f.; Walbran’s British Columbia Coast Names, p. 154; Bancroft’s History of the North West Coast, Vol. 1, p. 318.


GUATIMOZIN.-See entry for 1803. The Guatimozin must have soon returned from China and probably reached the coast again near the Columbia River; for Alexander Henry states that in 1813 he deciphered on a tree near Baker’s Bay or Cape Disappointment the following inscription: "H. Thompson, ship Guatimozin of Boston, February 20, 1804." She completed her trading early in 1804 and took regular route back to Boston. She arrived in Canton, according to E.B. Hewes, MS. Notes on American Vessels, on August 23, 1804, and departed thence for home port, November 26, 1804. In the Straits of Sunda Captain Bumstead was lost overboard, and the mate Glanville brought her to Boston, which she reached on April 26, 1805, 150 days.


References: As above; Elliot Coues’s New Light (Henry-Thompson Journals) New York, 1897, Vol. 2, p. 763; Boston Gazette, April 29, 1805; Columbian Centinel, May 1, 1805; History and Genealogy of the Cabot Family, by L.V. Briggs, Boston, 1927.


HAZARD.-An American ship from Providence, Rhode Island. All that is known of her voyage, 1802-1805 will be found in the entries for 1802 and 1803.


LELIA BYRD.-For her first voyage, see entry for 1802. She terminated that voyage in China in August, 1803, and on February 8, 1804, under William Shalter sailed for the coast, arriving off the Columbia River on 1st May. For eight days the Lelia Byrd strove in Vain to enter that river. She then began trading along the coast and at the close of the season wintered in Mexican and Central American waters. She sailed northward again in January, 1805, but the brig, being leaky, was patched and departed for the Hawaiian Islands where she arrived on 22nd August. The Lelia Byrd was later sold to Kamehameha I.


References: A full account in American Register (1808) Vol. 3, pp. 137 ff.


O’Cain.-This ship was trading on the coast in 1804 in continuation of the work of the proceeding year. She now undertook the hunting of sea-otter on the coast of California. For this purpose she obtained from the Russians, on shares, the services of Alent hunters with their baidars. In June, 1804, the O’Cain reached Alaska with some 1,100 skins so obtained. Thence she sailed for China and home.


References: See entry for 1803; Bancroft’s History of the North West Coast (1884), Vol. 1, p.319.