Space:

•where an object should be placed in the area of play

•where a player should go in the area of play based on the placement of the object.

Time:

•when to execute a skill within a game

•when to create time to play a shot

•when to reduce opponent’s time

Force:

•how much force to apply on an object for height, directional control and distance

•how to apply force on an object for height, directional control and distance

(Hopper, 2009)

(Hopper, 2009)

Ways to teach badminton using the task model: (Simplify, Refine, Extend, Apply)

•teach the students a skill- the net shot

•simplify it by having one person on either side of the net: one person on either ends of the net feeding the birdie at the net shot set up; player returns with the net shot

•this is simplifying the net shot and taking it out of the game situation so students can practice

•refine it by changing to a game perspective and using the net shot

•extend it by making the game harder with more rules

•apply the net shot by putting it into an actual badminton game

Off-the-ball-movements:

•Decision making

•Supporting

•Marking or guarding

•Covering teammates

•Adjusting position as game play unfolds

•Ensuring adequate court or field coverage by a base position

Griffin, Mitchell & Oslin (1997)