Dr. Adam H. Monahan 

Professor
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences
University of Victoria
PO Box 3065 STN CSC
Victoria BC V8W 3V6 
Canada

Room A311 Bob Wright Centre

Tel: (250) 472 5075
Fax: (250) 472 4030

email: monahana "at" uvic.ca


Member of the School of Earth and Ocean Sciences Climate Modelling Group .

Research Interests

Current Post-Doctoral Fellows and Research Associates

Current Graduate and Honours Students

Former Graduate Students, Honours Students, and Post-Docs

Courses Taught

Publications

    Meteorology of Near-Surface Winds, Renewable Energy, and Surface Processes


  1. Endo, K., A.H. Monahan, J. Bessac, H.M. Christensen, and N. Weitzel: Robustness of the stochastic parameterization of sub-grid scale wind variability in sea surface fluxes . Mon. Weath. Rev , under review.
  2. Lao, I.R., C. Abraham, E.Wiebe,and A.H. Monahan: Temporal and spatial structure of nocturnal warming events in a midlatitude coastal city. J. Appl. Clim. Met. , 61 , 1139-1157, 2022.
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  3. Ramsey, E. and A.H. Monahan, Empirical low-dimensional dynamics of atmospheric stable boundary layer inversions . J. Atmos. Sci. , 79, 1965-1984, 2022.
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  4. Bessac, J., H. Christensen, K. Endo, A.H. Monahan, and N. Weitzel: Scale-aware space-time stochastic paramterization of subgrid-scale velocity enhancement of sea surface fluxes. J. Adv. Model. Earth Sys. , 13 , 2021.
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  5. Abraham, C. and A.H. Monahan: Spatial dependence of stably stratified nocturnal boundary layer regime statistics in complex terrain . Bound. Layer Meteor. , 177 , 19-47, 2020.
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  6. Abraham, C., A. Holdsworth, and A.H. Monahan: A prototype stochastic parameterization of regime behavior in the stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer. Nonlin. Proc. Geophys, 26 401-427, 2019.
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  7. Abraham, C. and A.H. Monahan: Climatological features of the weakly and very stably stratified nocturnal boundary layers. Part III: The structure of meteorological state variables in persistent regime nights and across regime transitions. J. Atmos. Sci., 76 , 3505-3527, 2019.
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  8. Abraham, C. and A.H. Monahan: Climatological features of the weakly and very stably stratified nocturnal boundary layers. Part II: Regime occupation and transition statistics and the influence of external drivers. J. Atmos. Sci., 76 , 3485-3504, 2019.
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  9. Abraham, C. and A.H. Monahan: Climatological features of the weakly and very stably stratified nocturnal boundary layers. Part I: State variables containing information about regime occupation. J. Atmos. Sci., 76 , 3455-3484, 2019.
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  10. Holdsworth, A. and A.H. Monahan: Turbulent collapse and recovery in the stable boundary layer using an idealized model of pressure-driven flow with a surface energy budget. J. Atmos. Sci., 76 , 1307-1327, 2019.
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  11. He, Y., N.A. McFarlane, and A.H. Monahan: A new TKE-based parameterization of atmospheric turbulence in the Canadian global and regional climate models. J. Adv. Model. Earth Sys. , 11 , 1153-1188, 2019.
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  12. Sommerfeld, M., C. Crawford, A.H. Monahan, and I. Bastigkeit: LiDAR-based characterization of mid-altitude wind conditions for airborne wind energy systems. Wind Energy , 22, 1101-1120, 2019.
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  13. Bessac, J., A.H. Monahan, H.M. Christensen, and N. Weitzel: Stochastic parameterization of subrid-scale velocity enhancement of sea surface fluxes. Mon. Weath. Rev. , 147 , 1447-1469, 2019.
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  14. Monahan, A.H.: Temporal filtering enhances the skewness of sea surface winds. J. Clim. , 31 , 5695-5706, 2018.
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  15. Monahan, A.H.: Idealized models of the joint probability distribution of wind speeds. Nonlin. Proc. Geophys. , 25 , 335-353, 2018.
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  16. Mao, Y. and A.H. Monahan: Comparison of linear predictability of surface wind components from observations with simulations from RCMs and reanalysis. J. App. Meteo. Clim , 57 , 889-906, 2018.
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  17. Gemmrich, J. and A.H. Monahan: Covariability of near-surface wind speed statistics and mesoscale sea surface temperature flutuations.. J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 48 , 465-478, 2018.
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  18. Lohmann, G. and A.H. Monahan: Effects of temporal averaging on short-term irradiance variability under mixed-sky conditions. Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11 , 3131-3144, 2018.
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  19. Mao, Y. and A.H. Monahan: Linear and nonlinear regression prediction of surface wind components. Clim.Dyn., 51 , 3291-3309, 2018.
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  20. van Hooijdonk, I.G.S., H.J.H. Clercx, C. Abraham, A.M. Holdsworth, A.H. Monahan, E. Vignon, A.F. Moene, P. Baas, and B.J.H. van de Wiel: Near-surface temperature inversion growth rate during the onset of the stable boundary layer . J. Atmos. Sci., 74 , 3433-3449, 2017.
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  21. Mao, Y. and A.H.Monahan: Predictive anisotropy of surface winds by linear statistical downscaling. J. Climate, 30 , 6183-6201, 2017.
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  22. Lohmann, G., A. Hammer, A.H. Monahan, T. Schmidt, and D. Heinemann: Simulating clear-sky index increment correlations under mixed sky conditions using a fractal cloud model. Solar Energy , 150 , 255-264, 2017.
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  23. Optis, M. and A.H. Monahan: A comparison of equilibrium and time-evolving approaches to modelling the wind profile under stable stratification. J. Appl. Metor. Clim. , 56 , 1365-1382, 2017.
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  24. Daines, J.T., A.H.Monahan, and C.L.Curry: Model-based projections and uncertainties of surface wind climate in Western Canada. J. Appl. Meteo. Clim., 55 , 2229-2245, 2016.
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  25. Holdsworth, A., T. Rees, and A.H. Monahan: Parameterization sensitivity and instability characteristics of the maximum sustainable heat flux framework for predicting turbulent collapse. J. Atmos. Sci., 73 , 3527-3540, 2016.
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  26. Optis, M. and A.H. Monahan: The extrapolation of near-surface wind speeds under stable stratification using an equilibrium-based single-column model approach. J. Appl. Metor. Clim., 55,923-943, 2016.
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  27. Lohmann, G.M., A.H. Monahan, and D. Heinemann: Local short-term variability in solar irradiance. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16 , 6365-6379, 2016.
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  28. Monahan, A.H., T. Rees, Y. He, and N. McFarlane: Multiple regimes of wind, stratification, and turbulence in the stable boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci. , 72, 3178-3198, 2015.
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  29. Optis, M., A.H. Monahan, and F. Bosveld: Limitations and breakdown of Monin-Obukhov similarity theory for wind profile extrapolation under stable stratification. Wind Energy , 19, 1053-1072, 2015.
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  30. Doerenkaemper, M., M. Optis, A.H. Monahan, and G. Steinfeld: On the offshore advection of boundary-layer structures and its influence on offshore wind conditions. Boundary Layer Meteor. , 155 , 459-482, 2015.
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  31. Rees, T. and A.H. Monahan: A general numerical method for analyzing the linear stability of stratified parallel shear flows. , J. Atmos. Oc. Tech. , 31 , 2795-2808, 2014.
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  32. Optis, M., A.H. Monahan, and F. Bosveld: Moving beyond Monin-Obukhov similarity theory in modelling wind-speed profiles in the lower atmospheric boundary layer under stable stratification, Boundary Layer Meteor., 2014.
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  33. Thompson, W.F., A.H. Monahan, and D. Crommelin: Parametric estimation of the stochastic dynamics of sea surface winds, J. Atmos. Sci. , 71 , 3465-3483, 2014.
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  34. Fajber, R., A.H. Monahan, and W.J. Merryfield: At what time of day do daily extreme near surface wind speeds occur?, J. Climate , 27 , 4226-4244, 2014.
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  35. Monahan, A.H.: Wind speed probability distribution, Encyclopedia of Natural Resources, 2014.
  36. He, Y., A.H. Monahan, and N.A. McFarlane: Diurnal variations of land surface wind speed probability distributions under clear-sky and low-cloud conditions , Geophys. Res. Lett. , 40 , doi:10.1002/grl.50575, 2013.
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  37. Sun, C. and A.H. Monahan: Statistical downscaling prediction of sea surface winds over the global ocean, J. Climate , 26, 7938-7956, 2013.
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  38. Culver, A.M.R. and A.H. Monahan: The statistical predictability of surface winds over Western and Central Canada, J. Climate , 26 , 8305-8322, 2013.
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  39. Monahan, A.H.: The Gaussian predictability of wind speeds, J. Climate , 26 , 5563-5577, 2013.
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  40. Monahan, A.H.: Temporal autocorrelation structure of sea surface winds, J. Climate, 25 , 6684-6700, 2012.
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  41. He, Y., N.A. McFarlane, and A.H. Monahan: The influence of boundary layer processes on the diurnal variation of the land surface wind speed probability distribution. J. Climate , 25 , 6441-6458, 2012.
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  42. van der Kamp, D., C. Curry, and A.H. Monahan: Statistical downscaling of historical monthly mean winds over a coastal region of complex terrain. II: Predicting wind components. Clim. Dyn., 38 , 1301-1311, 2012.
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  43. Curry, C., D. van der Kamp, and A.H. Monahan: Statistical downscaling of historical monthly mean winds over a coastal region of complex terrain. I: Predicting wind speed. Clim. Dyn. , 38 , 1281-1299, 2012.
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  44. Monahan, A.H: Can we see the wind? Statistical downscaling of historical sea surface winds in the Subarctic Northeast Pacific. J. Climate , 25 , 1511-1528, 2012.
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  45. Monahan, A.H., Y. He, N. McFarlane, and A. Dai: The probability distribution of land surface wind speeds. J. Climate 24, 3892-3909, 2011.
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  46. Monahan, A.H.: The probability distribution of sea surface winds: Effects of variable surface stratification and boundary layer thickness. J. Climate , 23 , 5151-5162, 2010.
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  47. He, Y., A.H. Monahan, C.G. Jones, A. Dai, D. Caya, S. Biner, and K. Winger: Land surface wind speed probability distributions in North America: Observations and regional climate model evaluations. J. Geophys. Res. , 115 doi:10.1029/2008JD01708, 2010.
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  48. Monahan, A.H.: Probability distribution of sea surface wind stresses , Geophys. Res. Lett. , 34 , L05704, 2008. doi:10.1029/2007GL032268.
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  49. Monahan, A.H.: Empirical Models of the Probability Distribution of Sea Surface Wind Speeds , J. Climate , 20, 5798-5814, 2007.
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  50. Monahan, A.H.: The Probability Distribution of Sea Surface Wind Speeds. Part II: Dataset Intercomparison and Seasonal Variability , J. Climate , 19 , 521-534, 2006.
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  51. Monahan, A.H.: The Probability Distribution of Sea Surface Wind Speeds. Part I: Theory and SeaWinds Observations , J. Climate , 19 , 497-520, 2006.
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  52. Monahan, A.H.: Stochastic Dynamics of Sea Surface Winds . Proceedings, Workshop on Representation of Sub-Grid Processes Using Stochastic Dynamic Models, ECMWF, 6-8 June 2005.
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  53. Monahan, A.H., Low-frequency variability of the statistical moments of sea-surface winds , Geophys. Res. Lett. , 31, doi:10.1029/2004GL019599, 2004.
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  54. Monahan, A.H.: A Simple Model for the Skewness of Global Sea-Surface Winds . J. Atmos. Sci., 61 2037-2049, 2004.
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    Large-Scale Atmospheric Variability

  55. Digby, R.A.R., N.P. Gillett, A.H. Monahan, K. von Salzen, A. Gkikas, Q. Song, and Z. Zhang: How well do Earth System Models reproduce observed aerosol changes during the Spring 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns? Atmos. Chem. Phys., submitted.
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  56. Liang, Y., N.P. Gillett, and A.H. Monahan: Observationally-constrained projections of 21st century regional warming in the Extratropical Northern Hemisphere . J. Climate , submitted.
  57. Liang, Y., N.P. Gillett, and A.H. Monahan: Emergent constraints on CMIP6 climate warming projections: Contrasting cloud-and surface temperature-based constraints. J. Climate , 35 , 1809-1824, 2022.
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  58. Digby, R., N. Gillett, A.H, Monahan, J. Cole: An observational constraint on aviation-induced cirrus from the COVID-19-induced flight disruption . Geophys. Res. Lett. , doi.org/10.1029/2021GL095882, 2022.
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  59. Liang, Y., N.P. Gillett, and A.H. Monahan: Climate model projections of 21st century global warming constrained using the observed warming trend. , Geophys. Res. Lett. , 47 , doi:10.1029/2019GL086757, 2020.
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  60. Tesdal, J.-E., J.R. Christian, A.H. Monahan, and K. von Salzen: Sensitivity of modelled sulfate aerosol and its radiative effect on climate to ocean DMS concentration and air-sea flux . Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 10847-10864, 2016.
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  61. Froyland, G., N. Santitissadeekorn, and A.H. Monahan: Transport in time-dependent dynamical systems: Finite-time coherent sets. Chaos , 20 , 043116, 2010.
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  62. Santitissadeekorn, N., G. Froyland, and A. Monahan: Optimally coherent sets in geophysical flows: A new approach to delimiting the stratospheric polar vortex . Phys. Rev. E , 82 , 056311, 2010.
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  63. Monahan, A.H. and J.C. Fyfe: How Generic Are Dipolar Jet EOFs? . J. Atmos. Sci. , 66 , 541-551, 2009.
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  64. Monahan, A.H. and J.C. Fyfe: On Annular Modes and Zonal Jets , J. Climate , 21, 1963-1978, 2008.
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  65. Teng, Q., J.C. Fyfe, and A.H. Monahan: Northern Hemisphere Circulation Regimes: Observed, Simulated, and Predicted , Clim. Dynamics , 28 867-879, 2007.
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  66. Monahan, A.H. and J.C. Fyfe, On the Nature of Zonal Jet EOFs , J. Climate , 19, 6409-6424, 2006.
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  67. Teng, Q., A.H. Monahan, and J.C. Fyfe: Effects of Time Averaging on Climate Regimes. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 31 , doi:10.1029/2004GL020840, 2004.
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  68. Monahan, A.H., J.C. Fyfe, and L. Pandolfo: The vertical structure of wintertime climate regimes of the northern hemisphere extratropical atmosphere , J. Climate , 16 , 2005-2021, 2003.
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  69. Monahan, A.H., L. Pandolfo, and J.C. Fyfe: The preferred structure of variability of the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation , Geophys. Res. Lett. , 28 , 1019-1022, 2001.
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  70. Monahan, A.H., L. Pandolfo: Meridional localisation of planetary waves in stochastic zonal flows , J. Atmos. Sci. , 58 , 808-820, 2001.
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  71. Monahan, A.H., L. Pandolfo, and P. Imkeller: Stochastic Confinement of Rossby Waves by Fluctuating Eastward Flows . Stochastic Climate Models, Birkhauser, 2001.
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  72. Imkeller, P., A. H. Monahan, and L. Pandolfo: Some Mathematical Remarks Concerning the Localization of Planetary Waves in a Stochastic Background Flow . Stochastic Climate Models, Birkhauser, 2001.
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  73. Monahan, A.H, J. Fyfe, and G. Flato: A Regime View of Northern Hemisphere Atmospheric Variability and Change under Global Warming, Geophys. Res. Lett. , 27, 1139-1142, 2000.
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    Stochastic Dynamics of the Meridional Overturning Circulation

  74. Alexander, J. and A.H. Monahan: Non-normal perturbation growth of pure thermohaline circulation using a 2-D zonally averaged model , J. Phys. Oceanogr., 39 , 369-389, 2009.
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  75. Monahan, A.H., J. Alexander, and A.J. Weaver: Stochastic models of the meridional overturning circulation: Timescales and patterns of variability, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A , 366, 2527-2544, 2008.
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  76. Monahan, A.H.: Lyapunov exponents of a simple stochastic model of the thermally and wind-driven ocean circulation , Dyn. Atmos. Ocean. , 35 , 363-388, 2002.
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  77. Monahan, A.H.: Correlation effects in a simple stochastic model of the thermohaline circulation , Stochastics and Dynamics, 2, 437-462, 2002.
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  78. Monahan, A.H.: Stabilisation of climate regimes by noise in a simple model of the thermohaline circulation , J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 2072-2085, 2002.
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  79. Monahan, A.H., Timmermann, A., and Lohmann, G.: Comments on ``Noise-induced transitions in a simplified model of the thermohaline circulation'' , J. Phys. Oceanogr. , 32, 1112-1116, 2002.
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    Stochastic Modelling in Climate

  80. Monahan, A.H.: Spectral and bispectral densities of squared Gaussian processes. Contemporary Mathematics, submitted.
  81. Gagne, D.J., H.M.Christensen, A.C. Subramanian, and A.H. Monahan: Machine learning for stochastic parameterization: Generative Adversarial Networks in the Lorenz '96 Model. J. Adv. Model. Earth Sys. , 12 , e2019MS001896, 2020.
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  82. Monahan, A.H.: Bispectral unfolding of the skewness of correlated additive and multiplicative noise processes. Chaos , 30 , 023126, 2020.
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  83. Lu, F., N. Weitzel, and A.H. Monahan: Joint state-parameter estimation of a nonlinear stochastic energy balance mdoel from sparse noisy data. Nonlin. Proc. Geophys., 26 , 227-250, 2019.
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  84. Thompson, W.F., R.A. Kuske, and A.H. Monahan: Reduced alpha-stable dynamics for multiple time scale systems forced with correlated and multiplicative Gaussian white noise. Chaos , 27 , 2017.
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  85. Gairing, J.M., M.A. Hoegele, T. Kosenkova, and A.H. Monahan: How close are time series to power tail Levy diffusions? . Chaos , 27 , 2017.
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  86. Thompson, W.F., R.A. Kuske, and A.H. Monahan: Stochastic averaging of dynamical systems with multiple time scales forced with alpha-stable noise. Multiscale Modeling and Simulation , 13, 1194-1223, 2015.
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  87. Monahan, A.H. and J. Culina: Stochastic Averaging of Simple Climate Models, J. Climate , 24 , 3068-3088, 2011.
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  88. Culina, J., S. Kravtsov, and A.H. Monahan: Stochastic parameterization schemes for use in realistic climate models. J. Atmos. Sci. 68 , 284-299, 2011.
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  89. Imkeller, P. and A.H. Monahan: Conceptual stochastic climate models , Stochastics and Dynamics, 2, 311-326, 2002.
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    Biogeochemical Dynamics in Climate

  90. Franco, A.C., D. Ianson, T. Ross, R.C. Hamme, A.H. Monahan, J.R. Christian, M. Davelaar, W.K. Johnson, L.A. Miller, M. Robert, and P.D. Tortell: Anthropogenic and climatic contributions to observed carbon system trends in the Northeast Pacific. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 35 , 2021.
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  91. Hayashida, H., G. Carnat, E. Devred, M. Gali, A.H. Monahan, E. Mortenson, T. Sou, and N.S. Steiner: Spatio-temporal variability in modelled bottom-ice and sea-surface dimethylsulfide concentrations and fluxes in the Arctic during 1979-2015 . Global Biogeochem. Cycles , 34 , doi:10.1029/2019GB006456, 2020.
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  92. Mortenson, E., N. Steiner, A. H. Monahan, H. Hayashida, T. Sou, and A. Shao: Modelled impacts of sea ice exchange processes on Arctic Ocean carbon uptake and acidification (1980-2015) . JGR Oceans , 125 , doi:10.1029/2019JC015782, 2020.
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  93. Hayashida, H., J.R. Christian, A.M. Holdsworth, X. Hu, A.H. Monahan, E. Mortenson, P.G. Meyers, O.G.J. Riche, T. Sou, and N. Steiner: CSIB v1: A sea-ice biogeochemical model for the NEMO community ocean modelling framework. Geosci. Model Dev., 12 , 1965-1990, 2019.
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  94. Mortenson, E., N. Steiner, A.H. Monahan, L.A. Miller, N.X. Geilfus, and K. Brown: A model-based analysis of physical and biogeochemical controls of carbon exchange in the upper water column, sea ice, and atmosphere in a seasonally ice-covered Arctic strait. JGR Oceans , 123 , 7529-7549, 2018.
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  95. Mortenson, E., H. Hayashida, N. Steiner, A.H. Monahan, M. Blais, M.A. Gale, V.Galindo, M. Gosselin, X.Hu, D. Lavoie, C.J. Mundy: A model-based analysis of physical and biological controls on ice algae and pelagic primary production in Resolute Passage . Elementa , 5 , 2017.
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  96. Hayashida, H., N. Steiner, A.H. Monahan, V. Galindo, M. Lizotte, and M. Levasseur: Implications of sea-ice biogeochemistry for oceanic production and emissions of dimethylsulfide in the Arctic . Biogeosciences , 14 , 3129-3155, 2017.
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  97. Engida, Z., D. Ianson, A.Monahan, and R. Thomson: Remore forcing of subsurface currents and temperatures in the Northern eCalifornia Current System. J. Geophys. Res., 121 , 7244-7262, 2016.
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  98. Tesdal, J.-E., J.R. Christian, A.H. Monahan, and K. von Salzen: Evaluation of diverse approaches for estimating DMS concentration and air-sea exchange at global scale. Environ. Chem., 13, 390-412, 2016.
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  99. Healey, K., A.H. Monahan, and D. Ianson: Perturbation dynamics of a planktonic ecosystem . J. Mar. Res. , 67 637-666, 2010..
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  100. Monahan, A.H. and K. Denman: Impacts of atmospheric variability on a coupled upper-ocean/ecosystem model of the subarctic Northeast Pacific , Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 18 , doi:10.1029/2003GB002100, 2004.
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    High-Latitude Climate Variability

  101. Gemmrich, J., T. Redhead, and A.H. Monahan: Surface wave height distributions and rogue wave probabilities on two-layer fluids. Phys. Rev. Fluids , submitted.
  102. Payne, R., J. Martin, A.H. Monahan, and M. Sigmond: Seasonal predictions of regional and pan-Antarctic sea ice with a dynamical forecast system . Atmos.-Ocean , submitted.
  103. Martin, J., M. Sigmond, and A.H. Monahan: Improved seasonal forecast stkill of Arctic sea ice in CanSIPS version 2 . Weather and Forecasting , submitted.
  104. Ruman, C.J., A.H. Monahan, and L. Sushama: Climatology of Arctic temperature inversions in current and future climates . Theor. Appl. Clim , 10.1007/s00704-022-04147-9, 2022.
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  105. Gemmrich, J. and A.H Monahan; Surface and interfacial waves in a strongly stratified upper ocean . J. Phys. Ocean. 51 , 269-278, 2021.
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  106. Dirkson, A., W.J. Merryfield, and A.H. Monahan: Calibrated probabilistic forecasts of Arctic sea ice concentration. J. Clim , 32 , 1251-1271, 2019.
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  107. Mueller, B., N.P. Gillett, A.H. Monahan, and F.W. Zwiers: Attribution of Arctic sea ice decline from 1953 to 2012 to influences from natural, greenhouse-gas, and anthropogenic aerosol forcing. J. Clim. , 31 , 7771-7787.
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  108. Dirkson, A, W.J. Merryfield, and A.H. Monahan: Impacts of sea ice thickness initialization on seasonal Arctic sea ice predictions. J. Climate , 30 , 1001-1017, 2017.
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  109. Dirkson, A., W.J. Merryfield, and A.H. Monahan: Real time estimation of Arctic sea ice thickness through maximum covariance analysis. Geophys. Res. Lett. , 42, 4869-4877, 2015.
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  110. Abraham, C., N. Steiner, A.H. Monahan, and C. Michel: Effects of subgrid-scale snow thickness variability on radiative transfer in sea ice. J. Geophys. Res. , 120, 5597-5614, 2015.
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  111. Godlovitch, D., A.H. Monahan, and G. Flato. An idealised stochastic model of sea ice thickness dynamics. Cold Reg. Sci. Tech. , in press.
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  112. Godlovitch, D., R. Illner, and A.H. Monahan. Smoluchowski coagulation models of sea ice thickness distribution dynamics. J. Geophys. Res. , 116 , 2011.
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  113. Merryfield, W.J., M.M. Holland, and A.H. Monahan: Multiple Equilibria and Abrupt Transitions in Arctic Summer Sea Ice Extent. AGU Monograph, "Arctic Sea Ice Decline", pp. 151-174, 2008.
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  114. Kuhlbrodt, T. and A.H. Monahan: Stochastic stability of open-ocean deep convection, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 33 , 2764-2780, 2003.
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    Low-Latitude Climate Variability

  115. Monahan, A.H. and A. Dai, The spatial and temporal structure of ENSO nonlinearity . J. Climate, 17 3026-3036, 2004.
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  116. Monahan, A.H.: Nonlinear principal component analysis: Tropical Indo-Pacific sea surface temperature and sea level pressure, J. Climate , 14 , 219-233, 2001.
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  117. Tang, B, Hsieh, W.W., Monahan A.H., and Tangang, F.T. : Skill comparisons between neural networks and canonical correlation analysis in predicting the Equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures. J. Climate , 13 , 287-293, 2000.
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  118. Tangang, F.T., B. Tang, A.H. Monahan, W.W. Hsieh: Forecasting ENSO events: a neural network approach. J. Climate , 11 , 29-41, 1998.
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    Multivariate Statistics in Climate Diagnostics

  119. Annau, N., A.J. Cannon, and A.H. Monahan: Algorithmic hallucinations of near-surface winds: Statistical downscaling with generative adversarial networks to convection permitting scales. Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems , submitted.
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  120. Krock, M., A.H. Monahan, and M.L. Stein: Tail dependence as a measure of teleconnected warm and cold extremes of North American wintertime temperatures . J. Clim. , in press.
  121. Krock, M., J. Bessac, M.L. Stein, and A.H. Monahan: Nonstationary seasonal model for daily mean temperature distribution bridging bulk and tails . Weather and Climate Extremes , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2022.100438, 2022.
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  122. Huang, W., A.H. Monahan, and F.W.Zwiers: Estimating concurrent climate extremes: A conditional approach. Weather and Climate Extremes , 33 , 100332, 2021.
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  123. Monahan, A.H., J.C. Fyfe, M.H.P. Ambaum, D. Stephenson, and G.R. North: Empirical orthogonal functions: The medium is the message , J. Climate , 22 , 6501-6514, 2009.
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  124. Monahan, A.H. and T. DelSole: Information theoretic measures of dependence, compactness, and non-Gaussianity for multivariate probability distributions, Nonlin. Proc. Geophys., 16 , 57-64, 2009.
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  125. Monahan, A.H. and J.C. Fyfe: Comment on "The shortcomings of nonlinear principal component analysis in identifying circulation regimes", J. Climate , 20 , 374-377, 2007.
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  126. Monahan, A.H.: Nonlinear principal component analysis of climate data . PhD Thesis, University of British Columbia, 159 pp, 2000.
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  127. Monahan, A.H.: Nonlinear principal component analysis by neural networks: Theory and application to the Lorenz system , J. Climate , 13 , 821-835, 2000.
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  128. Monahan, A.H., F.T. Tangang, and W.W. Hsieh: A potential problem with extended EOF analysis of standing wave fields. Atmosphere-Ocean , 37 , 241-254, 1999.
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    Other topics

  129. Monahan, A.H.: The mathematics of climate modelling. Pi in the Sky, 14, 17-21, 2010.
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